Hepatic progenitor cells, stem cells, and AFP expression in models of liver injury.

Adult hepatocytes and liver-cell progenitors play a role in restoring liver tissue after injury. For the study of progenitor cells in liver repair, experimental models included (a) surgical removal of liver tissue by partial hepatectomy; (b) acute injury by carbontetrachloride; (c) acute injury by d-galactosamine (GalN) and N-nitrosomorpholine (NNM); and (d) chemical hepatocarcinogenesis by feeding NNM in low and high doses. Serological and immunohistological detection of alpha-fetoprotein gene expression served to follow pathways of cellular differentiation.

[Carl Gillmeister: the first Doctor of veterinary medicine in Mecklenburg--and in Germany (1834)].

German schools and faculties of veterinary medicine did not receive the sovereign right to award the degree "Doctor medicinae veterinarae" until the early twentieth century. Until then, in the nineteenth century there were two possibilities for veterinarians to earn a doctoral degree, usually referred to as the title of "Doctor": 1. On the basis of an exceptionally excellent dissertation and after very stringent examination a candidate could be awarded the degree "Dr.

Proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines after cardiac operation: different cellular sources at different times.

Background: Cardiac operation produces substantial alterations within the immune system, which possibly predispose postoperative complications. However, the interplay between proinflammatory and antiinflammatory reactions and the cells involved in this process are not completely clear. Therefore, we investigated serum levels, as well as synthesis patterns, of proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines.

Ventilatory sensitivity to changes in inspired and arterial carbon dioxide partial pressures in the chicken.

To determine if intrapulmonary chemoreceptors could be the sole peripheral chemoreceptors responsible for ventilatory responses to inhaled CO2, we studied the relationships of minute ventilation, tidal volume, and respiratory frequency to inspired and arterial partial pressure of CO2 (P(I)CO2 and PaCO2) in decerebrate upright chickens when the birds inspired gases containing four low partial pressures of CO2 (0.02, 5.0, 8.

Alterations of cell-mediated immunity following cardiac operations: clinical implications and open questions.

Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is known to induce an immune response whose nature has been increasingly elucidated during the recent decade. Clinically, patients usually show two to three of the four symptoms, which define the so-called systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). In addition, all parameters of the innate, nonspecific immune system, e.