The potential impact of climate change on medication access and quality deserves far more attention.

Notwithstanding the obvious interconnection between humans and the world that they share with non-human inhabitants, the impact of our changing climate on certain aspects of the public health ecosystem has been under-investigated. We briefly describe some of the possible climate-induced changes in the procurement, distribution, access and use of medications, including those for animals generally and livestock specifically. A fuller understanding of the effect of climate change on medicine supply, access, use and quality, including how these affect antimicrobial resistance, would contribute to the further development of the "One Health" and "One Health Systems" concepts.

Discovery and Optimization of N-Heteroaryl Indazole LRRK2 Inhibitors.

Inhibition of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 is a genetically supported mechanism for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. We previously disclosed the discovery of an indazole series lead that demonstrated both safety and translational risks. The safety risks were hypothesized to be of unknown origin, so structural diversity in subsequent chemical matter was prioritized.

Policy responses to COVID-19: lessons for the global trade and investment regime.

Background: During the past two years, the COVID-19 pandemic has cost millions of lives around the globe, caused major morbidity and provoked widespread economic and social disruption. In response, governments have enacted policies to mitigate the impacts of the pandemic. This research focuses in on policies aimed at increasing access to essential health products and services by comparing them to the global rules governing trade, investment and intellectual property.

Contracting retail pharmacies as a source of essential medicines for public sector clients in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review of key considerations, challenges, and opportunities.

Background: Insurances in high-income countries (HIC) often contract with private community pharmacies to dispense medicines to outpatients. In contrast, dispensing of medicines in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) often lacks such contractual arrangements. Furthermore, many LMICs lack sufficient investment in supply chains and financial and human resources to guarantee stock levels and services at public medicine-dispensing institutions.

Taiwan's National Health Insurance at the Emergency Department following the COVID-19 outbreak.

Taiwan's National Health Insurance (NHI) is a widely acclaimed universal healthcare system. In the past few years, particularly following the COVID-19 outbreak, challenges related to maintaining the NHI system have surfaced. Since 2020, NHI has faced a series of challenges, including excessive patient visits to the hospital emergency department, a lack of an effective primary care and referral system, and a high turnover rate of healthcare workers.