Adverse events in the paediatric emergency department: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Understanding adverse events among children treated in the emergency department (ED) offers an opportunity to improve patient safety by providing evidence of where to focus efforts in a resource-restricted environment.

Objective: To estimate the risk of adverse events, their type, preventability and severity, for children seen in a paediatric ED.

Methods: This prospective cohort study examined outcomes of patients presenting to a paediatric ED over a 1-year period.

A PICU patient safety checklist: rate of utilization and impact on patient care.

Objective: In healthcare, checklists help to ensure patients receive evidence-based, safe care. Since 2007, we have used a bedside checklist in our PICU to facilitate daily discussion of care-related questions at each bedside. The primary objective of this study was to assess compliance with checklist use and to assess how often individual checklist elements affected patient management.

Dysregulated expression of IFN-gamma and IL-10 and impaired IFN-gamma-mediated responses at different disease stages in patients with genital herpes simplex virus-2 infection.

Cell-mediated T-helper type-1 (Th1) responses play a vital role in the immunopathogenesis of genital infections caused by herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2). We investigated the role of Th responses in HSV-2 infection at different disease stages by analysing the production of Th cytokines in HSV-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). IFN-gamma production decreased over time following a recurrence, whereas levels of IL-10, and to a lesser extent IL-2, remained elevated during this period.

The therapeutic potential of interleukin 10 in infection and inflammation.

Interleukin 10 (IL-10), a cytokine with inhibitory activity on inflammation and cell-mediated immune responses, holds enormous potential for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. In addition, IL-10 has also been implicated in the immunopathogenesis of a number of infectious diseases through the use of IL-10 knock-out or IL-10 transgenic mouse models. In this review, we delineate infectious and inflammatory conditions in which IL-10 has shown potential for therapeutic manipulation.

Dysregulation of B7.2 (CD86) expression on monocytes of HIV-infected individuals is associated with altered production of IL-2.

T helper (Th) responses are mediated in part by immunoregulatory cytokines and the signals delivered by the costimulatory CD28-B7 pathway. In this study, we have investigated the relationship between the regulation of B7 isoform expression on antigen-presenting cells from HIV+ individuals and the production of Th cytokines. The level of expression of both B7.