Juvenile onset IIH and mutations.

The term Idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia (IIH) was first introduced almost 70 years ago when symptomatic hypercalcemia developed in children after receiving high doses of vitamin D for the prevention of rickets. The underlying pathophysiology remained unknown until recessive mutations in encoding Vitamin D-24-hydroxylase were discovered. The defect in vitamin D degradation leads to an accumulation of active 1,25(OH)D with subsequent hypercalcemia.

[Henoch-Schönlein purpura resulting in an obstructive bladder mass].

Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is the most common form of an immunological systemic vasculitis of childhood. The classic clinical symptoms include purpuric rash, abdominal pain, arthralgias, and haematuria, but the spectrum of HSP may vary to very rare forms. This article reports on an 8-year-old girl with a Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) which resulted in an obstructive bladder mass and subsequent urinary retention.

Conservative management of paediatric renal abscess.

Objective: Renal abscesses in the paediatric patient population are a rare entity. Patients are usually treated with percutaneous surgical drainage of the renal abscess as conservative treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics is not considered as effective. We describe the conservative management of renal abscesses without percutaneous drainage in 6 children.

Changes in lifestyle improve body composition, thyroid function, and structure in obese children.

Background: Alterations in thyroid function and structure have been reported in obesity. Function reverses to normal after weight loss, but nothing is known about structure.

Aim: To evaluate the effect of weight loss on thyroid function and structure in obese children.

Upper urinary tract infections are associated with RANTES promoter polymorphism.

We evaluated the association between MCP-1, CCR2, RANTES, and CCR5 gene polymorphisms and upper urinary tract infection in 273 children recruited in Northeast Italy. Statistical analysis of RANTES-403 G>A genotype frequencies showed that children carrying the RANTES-403 G allele are at higher risk for urinary tract infection, irrespective of vesicoureteral reflux.