The Cold War and Phage Therapy: How Geopolitics Stalled Development of Viruses as Antibacterials.

The bacteriolytic character of bacteriophages was employed as antibacterial therapy almost from the time of their discovery in 1917. In the United States, phage therapy was sporadic during the 1920s and 1930s but had dwindled into obscurity by the post-WWII period. This demise of phage therapy has traditionally been attributed to the superiority of antibiotics, discovered and first used during the war years, but this explanation is complicated by the fact that phage therapy outside the United States has had a longer and more successful life, especially in the countries of Eastern Europe.

Fatigue in Post-Acute Sequelae of Coronavirus Disease 2019.

Fatigue from post-acute sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 is a complex constellation of symptoms that could be driven by a wide spectrum of underlying etiologies. Despite this, there seems to be hope for treatment plans that focus on addressing possible etiologies and creating a path to improving quality of life and a paced return to activity.

A C-Terminally Truncated Variant of VDAC Assembles Into a Partially Functional Form in the Mitochondrial Outer Membrane and Forms Multimers .

The voltage-dependent anion-selective channel (VDAC) is a porin in the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM). Unlike bacterial porins, several mitochondrial β-barrels comprise an odd number of β-strands, as is the case for the 19-β-stranded VDAC. Previously, a variant of a VDAC from , VDAC-ΔC, lacking the predicted 19th β-strand, was found to form gated, anion-selective channels in artificial membranes.

The negative regulator SMAX1 controls mycorrhizal symbiosis and strigolactone biosynthesis in rice.

Most plants associate with beneficial arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi that facilitate soil nutrient acquisition. Prior to contact, partner recognition triggers reciprocal genetic remodelling to enable colonisation. The plant Dwarf14-Like (D14L) receptor conditions pre-symbiotic perception of AM fungi, and also detects the smoke constituent karrikin.