Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Tauopathies are a group of neurodegenerative disorders which are characterized by the accumulation of abnormal tau protein in the brain. However, the mechanistic understanding of pathogenic tau formation and spread within the brain remains elusive. Astrocytes are major immune reactive cells in the brain and have been implicated in exacerbating tau pathology by releasing extracellular vesicles (AEVs) containing pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines upon activation.

The Epileptiogenic Modified Therapy: Regulating the Dynamic of Microglia via ROS-Responsive Cascade Nano-Formulation.

Pharmacological treatment of epilepsy presents several challenges, particularly the ineffectiveness of antiseizure medicines (ASMs) in modifying disease. In fact, the removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and preconditioning with tolerable dose of nitric oxide (NO) can activate neuroprotective mechanisms during latency and enhance tolerance to oxidative stress during seizures. To address this, a ROS-responsive cascade Nano-formulation (RRCN) is developed, which will transform ROS into NO.

The impact of timing of temozolomide chemoradiotherapy for newly diagnosed glioblastoma on patient overall survival: A multicenter retrospective study.

Background: The optimal timing of initiating adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ) chemoradiotherapy after surgery in patients with glioblastoma is contentious. This study aimed to determine whether the timing of adjuvant treatment affects their overall survival (OS).

Methods: Consecutive adult patients with histologically-confirmed newly diagnosed glioblastoma treated with adjuvant TMZ chemoradiotherapy across all neurosurgical centers in Hong Kong between 2006 and 2020 were analyzed.

Somatosensory integration in robot-assisted motor restoration post-stroke.

Disruption of somatosensorimotor integration (SMI) after stroke is a significant obstacle to achieving precise motor restoration. Integrating somatosensory input into motor relearning to reconstruct SMI is critical during stroke rehabilitation. However, current robotic approaches focus primarily on precise control of repetitive movements and rarely effectively engage and modulate somatosensory responses, which impedes motor rehabilitation that relies on SMI.

Renaissance Goo: Senses and Materials in Early Modern Apothecary Taxonomies and Soft Matter Science.

This essay brings together research in the history of science and soft matter physics to consider how early modern Italian apothecaries organised and communicated their knowledge from the fourteenth to the seventeenth century through an "apothecary taxonomy." This was based on a what we call a "hylocentric" classification scheme (from the Greek  = matter, material, stuff) founded on a tactile understanding of materials. We will investigate how the behaviour of medicines under deformation and flow - their "rheology" - is a previously underestimated organisational principle, and consider the specialist vocabulary these author-practitioners used to describe different liquid and liquid-like formulations.