The influence of local and distant sources of precipitation pollutant emissions in the Western Carpathians in the context of climatic and socio-economic changes.

This study analyses the influence of atmospheric circulation type (ACT) on the basic physical parameters of precipitation, i.e. pH and specific electrolytic conductivity (SEC), during a period of pronounced climate change and socio-economic transformation in the Western Carpathians, focusing on the central portion of the Western Beskids.

Randomised clinical trial: effects of MD-7246 on irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea.

Background: MD-7246, a delayed-release formulation of linaclotide, is designed to target the ileocaecal junction and caecum with the aim of relieving abdominal pain independently of bowel function.

Aims: To evaluate the efficacy, safety and dose-response of MD-7246 in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea (IBS-D).

Methods: A randomised, double-blind, phase 2 clinical trial enrolled adult patients with IBS-D (Rome IV criteria).

Linaclotide Reduced Response Time for Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Constipation Symptoms: Analysis of 4 Randomized Controlled Trials.

Introduction: These post hoc analyses provide clinically relevant data concerning time to response for individual irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) symptoms after linaclotide use.

Methods: Time-to-response data were pooled from 4 randomized controlled trials. Response time for abdominal symptoms (pain, discomfort, and bloating) and complete spontaneous bowel movements (CSBMs) were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method; patients were categorized as early responders (≤4 weeks), late responders (>4-12 weeks), or nonresponders.

Efficacy of Linaclotide in Reducing Abdominal Symptoms of Bloating, Discomfort, and Pain: A Phase 3B Trial Using a Novel Abdominal Scoring System.

Introduction: Linaclotide improves abdominal pain and constipation in patients with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C). Patients report additional bothersome abdominal symptoms of bloating and discomfort. The intention of this study was to evaluate linaclotide's efficacy in relieving IBS-C-related abdominal symptoms (bloating, discomfort, and pain) using a novel multi-item Abdominal Score (AS).

Randomized Trial of 2 Delayed-Release Formulations of Linaclotide in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Constipation.

Introduction: Immediate-release (IR) formulation of linaclotide 290 μg improves abdominal pain and constipation (APC) in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) with constipation. Delayed-release (DR) formulations were developed on the premise that targeting the ileum (delayed-release formulation 1 [DR1]) or ileocecal junction and cecum (MD-7246, formerly DR2) would modulate linaclotide's secretory effects while preserving pain relief effects.

Methods: This phase 2b study randomized patients with IBS with constipation to placebo or 1 of 7 once-daily linaclotide doses (DR1 30, 100, or 300 μg; MD-7246 30, 100, or 300 μg; or IR 290 μg) for 12 weeks.