Elevated levels of apolipoprotein D predict poor outcome in patients with suspected or established coronary artery disease.

Background And Aims: Apolipoprotein D (apoD) is a lipocalin exerting neuroprotective effects. However, the relevance of apoD in respect to cardiovascular risk is largely unexplored. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the ability of apoD to predict future all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and cardiovascular events.

Cholesterol Efflux Capacity Associates with the Ankle-Brachial Index but Not All-Cause Mortality in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease.

Background: Cholesterol efflux is an important mechanism by which high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) protect against cardiovascular disease. As peripheral artery disease (PAD) is associated with high mortality rates, mainly due to cardiovascular causes, we investigated whether cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) of apolipoprotein B (apoB)-depleted plasma, a widely used surrogate of HDL function, may serve as a predictive marker for mortality in this patient population.

Methods: In this prospective single-center study (median follow-up time: 9.

Group IIA Secretory Phospholipase A Predicts Graft Failure and Mortality in Renal Transplant Recipients by Mediating Decreased Kidney Function.

The acute phase protein group IIA secretory phospholipase A (sPLA-IIA) has intrinsic proatherosclerotic properties. The present prospective cohort study investigated whether plasma sPLA-IIA associates with graft failure, cardiovascular, and all-cause mortality in renal transplant recipients (RTRs), patients with accelerated atherosclerosis formation both systemically and within the graft. In 511 RTRs from a single academic center with stable graft function >1 year, baseline plasma sPLA-IIA was determined by ELISA.

HDL inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis of pancreatic β-cells in vitro by activation of Smoothened.

Loss of pancreatic β-cell mass and function as a result of sustained ER stress is a core step in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus type 2. The complex control of β-cells and insulin production involves hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathways as well as cholesterol-mediated effects. In fact, data from studies in humans and animal models suggest that HDL protects against the development of diabetes through inhibition of ER stress and β-cell apoptosis.

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol efflux capacity is not associated with atherosclerosis and prevalence of cardiovascular outcome: The CODAM study.

Background: Cholesterol Efflux Capacity (CEC) is considered to be a key atheroprotective property of high-density lipoproteins (HDL). However, the role of HDL-CEC in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular (CV) risk is still controversial, and data in individuals with diabetes are limited.

Objective: In this study, we have investigated the relationship of CEC and other HDL characteristics with clinical and subclinical atherosclerosis in subjects with elevated cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).