An Immersive Virtual Reality Intervention for Preoperative Anxiety and Distress Among Adults Undergoing Oncological Surgery: Protocol for a 3-Phase Development and Feasibility Trial.

Background: Preoperative state anxiety (PSA) is distress and anxiety directly associated with perioperative events. PSA is associated with negative postoperative outcomes such as longer hospital length of stay, increased pain and opioid use, and higher rates of rehospitalization. Psychological prehabilitation, such as education, exposure to hospital environments, and relaxation strategies, has been shown to mitigate PSA; however, there are limited skilled personnel to deliver such interventions in clinical practice.

Preoperative Virtual Reality to Expose Patients With Breast Cancer to the Operating Room Environment: Feasibility and Pilot Case Series Study.

Background: Clinically elevated preoperative distress and anxiety are common among patients undergoing cancer surgery. Preoperative interventions have been developed to mitigate this distress and anxiety but are inconsistent in efficacy and feasibility for broad implementation.

Objective: This preliminary pilot study aims to assess the feasibility and utility of a newly developed virtual reality (VR) intervention to expose patients awaiting breast cancer surgery to the operating room environment and a simulation of anesthetic induction.

Differential regional cerebrovascular reactivity to end-tidal gas combinations commonly seen during anaesthesia: A blood oxygenation level-dependent MRI observational study in awake adult subjects.

Background: Regional cerebrovascular reactivity (rCVR) is highly variable in the human brain as measured by blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) MRI to changes in both end-tidal CO 2 and O 2 .

Objectives: We examined awake participants under carefully controlled end-tidal gas concentrations to assess how regional CVR changes may present with end-tidal gas changes seen commonly with anaesthesia.

Design: Observational study.