Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: A pathophysiology and clinical framework to face the present and the future.

Aims: This review aims to provide a straightforward conceptual framework for the knowledge and understanding of Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in the broad spectrum of steatotic liver disease and to point out the need to consider metabolic dysfunction and comorbidities as interrelated factors for a holistic approach to fatty liver disease.

Data Synthesis: MASLD is the new proposed term for steatotic liver disease that replaces the old terminology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This term focused on the relationship between metabolic alteration and hepatic steatosis, reflecting a growing comprehension of the association between metabolic dysfunction and hepatic steatosis.

Nontumorous Portal Vein Thrombosis in Liver Cirrhosis: Possible Role of β-Blockers.

Objective: Nonselective β-blockers (NSBB) are used in liver cirrhosis (LC) to prevent variceal bleeding because they decrease portal pressure. A main risk factor for the development of portal vein thrombosis (PVT) in LC is decreased portal vein inflow velocity. The aim of our study was to examine retrospectively the incidence of PVT and its correlation with the use of β-blockers in a cohort of LC patients.

Long-term outcomes of allograft reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament.

Recent studies have found higher rates of failed reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) with use of allograft when compared with autograft reconstruction. To evaluate the long-term outcomes of allograft ACL reconstruction, we retrospectively reviewed the cases of all patients who underwent allograft (n=99) or autograft (n=24) ACL reconstruction by 2 senior surgeons at a single institution over an 8-year period. Seventeen (17%) of the 99 allograft reconstructions required additional surgery.

Co-culture of adipose derived stem cells and chondrocytes with surface modifying proteins induces enhanced cartilage tissue formation.

Objectives: Current treatments for focal cartilage defects include osteochondral allograft transplants-a common treatment for large defects and revisions of previously autografted joints. Allografts with weak osseous regions are usable, since bone remodeling replaces inferior quality bone. However, poor quality chondral surfaces on grafts preclude their use, leading to grafting material shortages.

Coding practices affect the cost of distal radius fracture care.

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of an Emergency Medicine Department's billing practices on the total cost of care for distal radius fractures. This study identified patients by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) billing codes treated by the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (DOS) and Department of Emergency Medicine (DEM) at the University of Arizona. In every case, the surgical modifier 54 was used.