Three-Dimensional Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 as Sorbent Integrated with Active Capillary Plasma Mass Spectrometry for Rapid Assessment of Low-Level Wine and Grape Quality-Related Volatiles.

The most commonly used methods to chemically assess grape and wine quality with high sensitivity and selectivity require lengthy analysis time and can be resource intensive. Here, we developed a rapid and non-destructive method that would help in grading and decision support. In this work, we demonstrate that integrating a three-dimensional (3D) material for volatile sampling with mass spectrometry detection can be used to sample grapes for phytosanitary, quality or smoke-taint assessments at low levels of marker compounds.

Discrimination of Healthy and -Infected Grapes Using Untargeted Metabolomic Analysis with Direct Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry.

infections of grapes significantly reduce yield and quality and increase phenolic compound oxidation, resulting in color loss, off-flavors, and odors in wine. In this study, metabolites were extracted from grape homogenates comprising healthy or infected grapes from different vintages, cultivars, regions, and maturity stages. Samples were randomly analyzed by direct injection into an ion trap mass spectrometer, with data collected from 50 to 2000 / for 1 min.

Spatial Risk Effects From Lions Compound Impacts of Prey Depletion on African Wild Dogs.

Prey depletion threatens many carnivore species across the world and can especially threaten low-density subordinate competitors, particularly if subordinates are limited to low densities by their dominant competitors. Understanding the mechanisms that drive responses of carnivore density to prey depletion is not only crucial for conservation but also elucidates the balance between top-down and bottom-up limitations within the large carnivore guild. To avoid predation, competitively subordinate African wild dogs typically avoid their dominant competitors (lions) and the prey rich areas they are associated with, but no prior research has tested whether this pattern persists in ecosystems with anthropogenically-reduced prey density, and reduced lion density as a result.

Phosphorylation strongly affects the inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase I CO hydration activity.

Human carbonic anhydrases (hCAs) have essential roles in respiration, acid-base balance, and fluid secretion, with implications in diseases such as glaucoma, epilepsy, obesity, and cancer. Of the fifteen known hCAs, human CA I (hCA I) is particularly abundant in erythrocytes, playing a critical role in CO transport. Despite extensive research on hCA I, the impact of post-translational modifications (PTMs), particularly phosphorylation, on its catalytic activity and inhibitor binding remains poorly understood.

Cation induced changes to the structure of cryptophane cages.

Here the monocation complexes of seven -cryptophanes are examined with high-resolution ion-mobility mass spectrometry. The relative size of the [cation + cryptophane] complexes were compared based on their measured mobilities and derived collisional cross sections. A paradoxical trend of structural contraction was observed for complexes of increasing cation size.