To Assess the Association between Glucose Metabolism and Ectopic Lipid Content in Different Clinical Classifications of PCOS.

Aims: There are emerging data indicating an association between PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome) and metabolic derangements with potential impact on its clinical presentation. This study aims to evaluate the pathophysiological processes beyond PCOS with particular focus on carbohydrate metabolism, ectopic lipids and their possible interaction. Differences between the two established classifications of the disease should be additionally evaluated.

Overt hypothyroidism is associated with the presence of uterine leiomyoma: a retrospective analysis.

Objective: A possible correlation between uterine leiomyoma and thyroid disease was reported decades ago. We aimed to evaluate the possible associations between the presence of uterine leiomyomas and (i) the presence of overt hypothyroidism, (ii) the level of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO-Ab) and thyroglobulin antibodies (TG-Ab), and (iii) thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels.

Study Design: In a retrospective study, all 215 sterile women who underwent reproductive surgery (hysteroscopy and laparoscopy/laparotomy) at our department from January 2007 to January 2011 were included.

Parameters for calcium metabolism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome who undergo clomiphene citrate stimulation: a prospective cohort study.

Objective: To evaluate whether parameters for calcium metabolism were associated with characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Design: A prospective cohort study.

Methods: Ninety-one anovulatory, infertile women with PCOS patients underwent clomiphene citrate (CC) stimulation.

Pregnancy outcome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome comparing the effects of laparoscopic ovarian drilling and clomiphene citrate stimulation in women pre-treated with metformin: a retrospective study.

Background: Ovarian stimulation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) increases the risk for perinatal complications. Ovulation induction by laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) might improve the overall pregnancy outcomes. The aim of our study was to assess the adverse events or effects on pregnancy of LOD and clomiphene citrate (CC) stimulation in patients who received metformin.

Impaired glucose tolerance is associated with changes in clinical and biochemical parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Background: To characterize the phenotype of women with polycystic ovary syndrome with and without impaired glucose tolerance by determining various polycystic ovary syndrome-associated clinical and laboratory parameters.

Methods: In a prospective clinical study, we evaluated a series of 102 Caucasian women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Women completed a detailed questionnaire and underwent a standardized oral glucose tolerance test.

A polymorphism in the matrix metalloproteinase-1 gene promoter is associated with the presence of polycystic ovary syndrome in Caucasian women.

A common -1607 GG/G polymorphism of the matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1) gene promoter was investigated in a series of Caucasian women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and controls, by direct sequencing. In this prospective case-control study, the odds for women with at least one mutant GG allele of the MMP1 promoter to be diagnosed with PCOS was 2.7.

Psychosocial and sociocultural aspects of infertility--a comparison between Austrian women and immigrant women.

The polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder affecting female fertility. In this study we examined psychosocial parameters caused by infertility in PCOS women with different socio-cultural background. Symptomatology of PCOS, body composition characteristics as well as psychosocial parameters were examined in 49 PCOS infertility patients of the University Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics in Vienna, who originated from two different socio-cultural subgroups--Austrian women and Moslem immigrant women.

Infertility caused by PCOS--health-related quality of life among Austrian and Moslem immigrant women in Austria.

Background: The polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder affecting female fertility. In this study, we examined the symptomatology of PCOS and the health-related quality of life among infertility patients suffering from PCOS with different socio-cultural and ethnic background.

Methods: Symptomatology of PCOS, body composition characteristics as well as socio-economic factors were examined in 49 PCOS infertility patients of the University Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, in Vienna, who originated from two socio-cultural subgroups, Austrian women and Moslem immigrant women.

Thyroxine treatment modified in infertile women according to thyroxine-releasing hormone testing: 5 year follow-up of 283 women referred after exclusion of absolute causes of infertility.

Background: Mild hypothyroidism may contribute to disturbed reproductive function. We hypothesized that frequent thyroxine-releasing hormone (TRH) testing to fine-tune thyroxine (T4) therapy instituted upon every TRH-induced thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) rise above the mean of a healthy population (i.e.

Elevation of inducible nitric oxide synthase activity in human endometrium during menstruation.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a known agonist of programmed cell death (apoptosis). In order to discover its potential role during menstrual shedding, a process associated with extensive apoptosis, we evaluated activity and mRNA levels of the inducible and constitutive isoforms of NO synthase (NOS) in endometrial specimens of the proliferative (n = 11), late-secretory (n = 7), and menstrual (n = 17) phase of the cycle. These levels were compared with the proportion of apoptotic cells by detection of histochemically labeled DNA fragments.

[The role of nitric oxide in reproduction].

Nitrix oxide (NO) is a highly reactive and short-lived radical (half-life time: 10-12 s), which is derived from L-arginine by the NO synthases (NOS) in several organ systems. The release of NO by endothelial cells leads to rapid relaxation of vascular smooth muscle cells, whereas release by several neuronal cells causes neurotransmission. When NOS is actively induced in immune cells or certain epithelia it causes cytotoxicity and/or apoptosis of these cells.

[Premenstrual dysphoric disorder. An overview of diagnosis, epidemiology and therapeutic approaches].

Even though premenstrual symptoms had been already described by Hippocrates, premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) was first mentioned as a special psychiatric diagnosis in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) in 1994. In DSM-III-R-Appendix A is was called late luteal phase dysphoric disorder (LLPDD), Appendix A. Before this diagnosis was established based on operationalized criteria, the term premenstrual syndrome (PMS) was used for patients with severe premenstrual mood disturbances and physical symptoms.

[Drug information in hormone substitution drugs].

The package leaflets of hormone preparations used for Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) in hypoestrogenaemic women contain contraindications, which are taken from the package insert of oral contraceptives: Clots in the blood vessels (thrombotic disorders), high blood fats, severe diabetes, abnormal red blood cells, deterioration of inherited deafness and jaundice not explained by infections, disturbances of the liver function and of existing or treated hormone-dependent tumours of the breast or of the lining of the womb. Numerous epidemiologic, animal-experimental and also clinical studies proved that the cardiovascular risk, hepatic discomfort and the influence on the blood system of oestradiol 17-beta have to be evaluated completely differently compared to the ethinyloestradiol used in oral contraceptives; therefore, many of the listed contraindications must be reconsidered. In our review we try to emphasise this postulation by scrutinizing recent publications.

Various effects of abdominal and vaginal hysterectomy in benign diseases.

The relative advantages and disadvantages of the transabdominal versus the transvaginal approach to hysterectomy were evaluated and the two procedures were compared for differences in hospitalization, patient age, bowel activity and operating time on the basis of a material of 94 hysterectomized patients. Intestinal complications such as subileus were noted only in subjects who were treated by abdominal hysterectomy. This corresponded with the significant decrease in potassium in abdominally operated patients on the second post-surgical day.

[Contraception in Austria].

952 sexual active women between 15 and 44 years were investigated for their contraceptive behaviour. In 42% the pill was the first choice followed by the condom in 16%. 18% of all sexual active women in this age group did not use any contraceptives.

[Initial experiences with a levonorgestrel-ethinyl estradiol combination for interception].

Several authors have reported on reliable postcoital contraception, using an estrogen/gestagen combination. These studies in more than a hundred women showed, that the unprotected intercourse in less than 50% took place around ovulation. Pregnancy rates from 0.

[The course of atrial natriuretic peptide, aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone in normal pregnancy].

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), consisting of 28 aminoacids, is a recently discovered cardiac hormone involved in blood-volume homeostasis. Pregnancy is associated with an increase in blood volume expansion, therefore an increase in ANP-concentration would have been expected. To test this hypothesis ANP, Aldosterone and Vasopressin, concentrations of 229 women with normal pregnancies at different gestational ages were measured and compared with values found in a non-pregnant control group of 24 women.

[Atrial natriuretic peptide, antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone during delivery and the puerperium].

Plasma concentrations of ANP, Aldosteron and ADH were determined immediately ante- and post-partum and on the second day of puerperium in 36 healthy women, 12 primiparous and 24 multiparous. These parameters were also measured by RIA in umbilical cord plasma obtained at the time of delivery. The values were compared with an age-matched group of non pregnant women.

Laparoscopic surgery for tubal pregnancies utilizing laser.

Nine cases of ectopic pregnancy were treated by laser supported tubotomy and subsequent endoscopic evacuation by a forceps. The location of the ectopic pregnancies were as follows: ampulla (one patient); isthmus (five patients); and fallopian tube (three patients, in two of whom the whole tube was a hematosalpinx). The incision in the tube was made on the antimesenteric side according to the position and size of the ectopic pregnancy using an Nd YAG laser.

[The effect of postpartum tubal sterilization on milk production].

We investigated 64 women after the so called "post partum sterilization" and recorded also retrospectively the milk production within the first seven days. It was performed by at semilunar subumbilical incision and a bipolar coagulation of the fallopian tubes. The total daily milk production, which was compared with the quantity of milk after the previous pregnancy, was on day six and seven significantly lower after tubal ligation than in the normal puerperal phase before.

[Peri-ovulatory hormone determination in females with sterility of unknown origin].

In 86 patients with Clomiphen-therapy a daily LH-, E2-monitoring and a sonographic follicle-measurement was performed. In 27 patients a normal endocrine profile, in 12 women a double estradiol arise must be registered. A missing LH peak was noted in 9 cases.

[Carnitine levels in pregnancy].

Carnitine (trimethylamino-hydroxy butyric acid) is present in all living cells. It is necessary for the transport of fatty acids into mitochondria and for other metabolic functions of the cell. Studies in various animal species have demonstrated a transfer of carnitine from the mother to the fetus during pregnancy.