Effects of vitamins, coenzymes and amino acids on reactions of homolytic cleavage of the O-glycoside bond in carbohydrates.

It has been established that vitamins B1, K3 and C, coenzyme Q0 and amino acids cysteine and histidine effectively inhibit reactions of homolytic cleavage of the O-glycoside bond, which are responsible for the destruction of di- and polysaccharides on gamma-irradiation or the action of other reactive radical initiators. This effect was shown to originate from either oxidation or reduction of the radicals of carbohydrates undergoing destruction.

Long-range intermolecular interaction between broken DNA fragments.

We analyzed the long-range intermolecular interaction between fragments of broken DNA. We considered two constituents of long-range intermolecular interaction. The first is a net electrostatic Coulomb interaction between charges, involved in a structure of opposite nucleotides, which we evaluate using Debye-Huckel theory.

[Analysis of modern concepts concerning the role of processed soybean products in diet therapy of patients with cardiovascular diseases].

In this review the analysis of chemical structure of soybeans is given, are indicated and the outcomes of evaluation of medical and preventive efficiency of use soy and products of its processing in a feed of the patients with cardiovascular diseases on data of experimental researches and clinical natural observations are discussed.

Peculiarities of long-range interaction between the nucleotides after DNA damage.

In this work, the long-range interaction between the pairs of nucleotides situated on the opposite ends of a double broken DNA helix have been studied theoretically. The long-range energy was considered as a sum of electrodynamics Van der Waals and electrostatic Coulomb interactions. The most important region for the problem under consideration is about 5-15 A between the nucleotides.

[Antigenic activity of measles immunostimulating complex].

The liposomal technology for preparing the immunostimulating complex (ISCOM) helped obtain a complex measles preparation whose antigens are represented by the structural proteins of measles virus in the bilayer phosphate-lipid membrane. Immunization of mice with the resultant preparation induced antimeasles antibodies with the maximum titer of antihemagglutinins 1:640 and of antihemolysins 1:1280. The biological activity of antibodies was confirmed in the neutralization test.

[Molecular mechanisms of autorepair of DNA double strand breaks].

The physical mechanism of interaction between nucleotides in intracellular liquid medium was studied. It was shown that during the contact between the thymine and guanine there exists a potential barrier the distance of about 10 A, which prevents the enzyme self-repairing in DNA after a double damage. All the remaining pairs of nucleotides have no such a barrier.

[The ultrastructural characteristics of Neisseria meningitidis strains isolated in different forms of infection].

The electron microscopic study of cell populations of the first generation of several N.meningitidis strains, isolated from humans and grown on artificial culture medium (Hottinger's serum agar) has made it possible to establish that these organisms are morphologically heterogeneous. It was manifested by the presence of 7 morphological variants of cells in their cultures (different strains have different proportions of these variants): (a) "normal" and similar to normal diplococcal variants; (b) atypically dividing cells; (c) spheroplastic forms; (d) protoplastic forms (typical and atypical); (e) variably gemmating forms; (f) microforms and (g) gigantic forms.

[Architectonics of Bifidobacteria populations: submicroscopic aspect of cell cohesion in Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Bifidobacterium bifidum].

Populations (cultures) of Bifidobacterium adolescents and B. bifidum, growing on artificial liquid and agar media, are presented by highly ordered mycelial structures. The topography of them depends on mutual arrangement of polymorphic cells and the way of their daughter cells separation after division.

[Role of soybean proteins in human nutrition (review)].

Review. The analysis of a protein nutrition of Russia's population during last five years and ways of its rationalization are presented. The scientific background for prosperity of using of soy bean proteins, products of their processing and existing of products and half-finished products received from soy is given.

[Cellular ultrastructure of various species of the genus Bifidobacterium].

Morphologic heterogeneity of cells from developing populations of bifidobacteria correlates with ultrastructure peculiarities. Active proliferating cells in exponential phase are characterized by formation of intracytoplasmatic membrane complex represented by lamellar, myelinoform, vesicular structures. Nucleoid is localized as the central polybranched or disperse osmophobic zone.

[Effect of soybean protein isolate on energy substrate oxidation in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus].

Using indirect colorimetry, the authors demonstrated disordered energy metabolism at rest in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) with a moderate decompensation of metabolism: carbohydrate oxidation was reduced and fat and protein oxidation increased, this being aimed at maintenance of the basic metabolism within the normal range under conditions of insulin insufficiency. Improvement of common parameters of compensation during optimization of insulin therapy and therapeutic diets was associated with approximation of substrate oxidation structure and energetic structure of a diet, as well as with increased production of useful energy coupled with reduced oxygen consumption. Moreover, a positive correlation between insulin level and carbohydrate oxidation rate was revealed.

[The potentials of indirect calorimetry in the differential assessment of the metabolic status of obese patients with insulin-independent diabetes mellitus].

Twenty-one obese patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, 16 female and 5 male ones, were fed similar isocaloric rations, differing only by the share of substitution of the traditional protein products (0%, 60%, 30%, 45%) in the Danpro-S, Danpro-Fibre soybean protein concentrate. The parameters tested were daily glycemia, C-peptides, blood hydrocortisone, and urinary excretion of nitrous metabolites. Indirect calorimetry was used to assess the protein, fat, and carbohydrate oxidation rates at rest.

[Preparation and clinical trial of new dried balanced food products "Unipit" for total restorative nutrition].

Designs of 2 types of dried balanced food mixtures ("Unipit-1" and "Unipit-2") intended for complete recovery nutrition of patients with retained and disordered digestive function have been validated. The chemical composition of these products has been presented. The results of clinical trials have proved the high therapeutic effectiveness of "Unipit-1" and "Unipit-2" in rehabilitation of neurosurgical patients.

[The diagnosis and surgical treatment of nodular euthyroid and toxic goiter].

The authors discuss their experience in treating 815 patients who underwent an operation for nodular euthyroid and toxic goiter. Thermography was used in the examination of 367 patients and the results were compared with those of radioisotope scanning of the thyroid, intraoperative findings, and the results of histological study. It was established that in complex with clinical methods of examination, thermography is very important in making the differential diagnosis of thyroid diseases.

[An experimental study of the biological value of milk proteins with differing ratios of casein and blood proteins].

To improve amino acid composition and to rise the sum of sulfur-containing amino acids, 5 samples of milk protein with varying ratios of casein and serum proteins (24:76; 45:55; 61:39; 73:27; 94:6) were prepared with the use of the membrane technology under conditions of experimental production. Biological experiments conducted with the use of "growth" and "balance" methods have shown a rise of biological value with the increasing of serum protein share reaching its maximum value at a ratio of 61:39. Further elevation of the serum protein share (73:27; 94:6) led to a decrease of biological value.

[The nutritive value of wheat germ floc].

The experimental investigation of the food value of wheat germ floc included the study of their chemical composition, biological value, and assimilability of the protein. Basing on the results obtained the authors have made a conclusion on the high food value of wheat germ floc and on their promising use as enriching additives to varying foodstuffs.

[Immunochemical characteristics and serologic properties of lipopolysaccharides isolated from various Brucella species using various extraction methods].

The results of the comparative analysis of LPS isolated by different methods of extraction from the cultures of several Brucella species differing in their virulence are presented. Purified LPS preparations have been obtained from Brucella virulent and vaccine strains by using such methods as water-phenol extraction, Boivin's method, mild alkaline hydrolysis of the antigen according to Boivin's procedure. The presence of certain relationship between the method used for the extraction of Brucella LPS to be compared and their chemical composition, immunological characteristics and serological activity has been established.

[The prognosis of endogenous nitrogen loss of the human body by the level of energy consumption].

Excretion of total nitrogen with urine and feces was studied and the value of nitrogen balance was calculated in young male volunteers under conditions of complete starvation or receiving protein-free rations of varying energy value. The data obtained were computerized and equations were derived permitting prognosis of the amount of daily excretion of endogenous nitrogen with urine and feces at different time and at any level of energy consumption.

[Comparative biological value of the proteins comprising the products for the tube and regular feeding of patients with mandibular fractures].

A comparative clinical evaluation was made of the biological effectiveness of protein components in the composition of three types of diet for patients with fractures of the mandible who had received "Ensure" (USA), a product for complete tube feeding; an experimental sample developed at the Institute of Nutrition, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR; and a routine clinical diet. The biological effectiveness of the proteins was estimated by some anthropometric and biochemical parameters as well as on the basis of nitrogenous metabolism in the patients. It has been established that the protein content in the routine clinical diets does not meet the high requirements in amino acids of patients with fracture of the mandible.

[Monthly dynamics of the epidemic process in viral hepatitis B].

Monthly fluctuations in the number of registered cases of acute viral hepatitis B and HBsAg carriership have been studied. The study has revealed that, similarly to other infectious diseases, viral hepatitis is characterized by monthly fluctuations in the intensity of the epidemic process. Such fluctuations are characteristic of all known clinical forms of this infection; they are determined by the specific pathogenetic features of the process and by the ways of the transfer of the virus.