Endovascular management of an aortic injury in thoracic kyphosis surgery: a minimally invasive rescue for a life-threatening injury.

A patient in his early adolescence, who was treated for T5-T6 tubercular spondylodiscitis with an un-instrumented decompression, presented at 36 months post-index surgery, for post-laminectomy instability and kyphosis, after completing his requisite antitubercular treatment. He underwent thoracic posterior instrumented kyphosis correction and anterior reconstruction, with a T5-T6 partial corpectomy and corpectomy spacer placement, through a posterior midline incision. On the second postoperative day, he started complaining of pain on the left side of his chest, abdomen and left shoulder.

C7 distal fixation anchor and its influence on sagittal profile in posterior cervical fusion; a retrospective analysis of 44 cases.

Study Design: Retrospective.

Purpose: In multilevel posterior cervical fusion, whether to stop distal fixation at C7 or T1, remains a matter of debate. We aimed to assess clinical feasibility of C7 as distal fixation point and sought to compare complication rates and radiological outcome between lateral mass screws and pedicle screws at C7.

A study to analyze the pattern of synovial lesions from synovial biopsies in a tertiary care centre.

Introduction: Synovium has been documented as a primary site of inflammation and a major effector organ in a variety of joint diseases. Study of simple technique like synovial biopsy can help in early diagnosis and treatment of diseases significantly improving outcome of patient in cases of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, etc., Only limited data exist on utility of synovial biopsies.

Incidence of Renal Tract Abnormalities on Ultrasonography in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury: A Retrospective Pilot Study of a Military Cohort Undergoing Long-Term Institutional Rehabilitation.

Study Design: Retrospective pilot study.

Purpose: To assess the incidence of renal tract abnormalities using ultrasonography (US) in a military cohort with traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) at a tertiary level spinal cord injury center.

Overview Of Literature: Neurogenic bladder in TSCI patients results in significant urological morbidity.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on orthopaedic surgeons in terms of anxiety, sleep outcomes and change in management practices: A cross-sectional study from India.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on anxiety, sleep outcomes and change in clinical management practices among orthopaedic surgeons following a nation-wide lockdown.

Methods: We conducted an online cross-sectional study using piloted structured questionnaires with self-reported responses from Indian orthopaedic surgeons. Study participants were identified through social networking sites: Facebook and WhatsApp.

Thirty-Six-Month Follow-up of Diaphragm Pacing with Phrenic Nerve Stimulation for Ventilator Dependence in Traumatic Tetraplegia: The Way Forward for Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation in a Developing Country.

Respiratory failure and chronic ventilator dependence in tetraplegics following cervical injuries located high on the spine (C1-C3) constitute significant challenges in the rehabilitation of patients given the occurrence of repeated hospitalizations and an ever-increasing financial burden. A 30-year-old man presented with posttraumatic tetraplegia following an unstable injury at the C1-C2 level with cord compression; he was managed by posterior stabilization and decompression followed by ventilator dependence and no rehabilitation until 6 months postinjury. We implanted phrenic nerve stimulator electrodes bilaterally for indirect diaphragm pacing by an implantable pulse generator that allowed for weaning from mechanical ventilation and spontaneous ventilator-free breathing at 20 weeks post-implantation and which facilitated post-tetraplegia rehabilitation.

Anxiety and Sleep Disturbances Among Health Care Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic in India: Cross-Sectional Online Survey.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has become a serious concern among the global medical community and has resulted in an unprecedented psychological impact on health care workers, who were already working under stressful conditions.

Objective: In this study, we aimed to evaluate and measure the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the anxiety levels and sleep quality among health care workers in India, as well as to determine how the unavailability of personal protective equipment affects their willingness to provide patient-related care.

Methods: We conducted an online cross-sectional study using piloted, structured questionnaires with self-reported responses from 368 volunteer male and female health care workers in India.

Does preventive care bundle have an impact on surgical site infections following spine surgery? An analysis of 9607 patients.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: The purpose was to analyze the effect of care bundle protocol on SSI in our institution. Postoperative surgical site infections (SSI) pose significant health burden.

Unplanned Readmissions after Spine Surgery: A Single-Center Prospective Analysis of a 90-Day Model in 2,860 Cases.

Study Design: Prospective study.

Purpose: During the last decades, an emergence of unplanned readmissions has been shown to be a useful tool to gage the healthcare quality and hospital performance. Previous studies were limited by their retrospective designs based on database information and short-term 30-day follow-up intervals.

Prognostic utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in predicting neurological outcomes in patients with acute thoracolumbar spinal cord injury.

Purpose: Utility of MRI for predicting neurological outcomes in acute cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) is well established but its value in thoracolumbar (TL) SCI needs to be evaluated.

Methods: Seventy-six patients operated for acute TL spinal injuries between January 2014 and March 2016 were reviewed to obtain demographic details, neurology at admission and at the final follow-up. Patients were divided based on the neurology at presentation into group 1 (ASIA A), group 2 (ASIA B, C, D) and group 3 (normal neurology).

Detection of DNA Double-Strand Breaks Using Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis.

DNA is one of the most biologically important targets of exogenous and endogenous toxicants as well as carcinogens. Damage to DNA can be of different types (e.g.

TiO₂ NPs Induce DNA Damage in Lymphocytes from Healthy Individuals and Patients with Respiratory Diseases-An / Study.

Little is known of the effects of nanoparticles in human systems, let alone in diseased individuals and nanotechnology has preceded nanotoxicology. Therefore, the effects of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles in peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with respiratory diseases [lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma] were compared with those in healthy Individuals, to determine differences in sensitivity to nanochemical insult. The Comet assay was performed according to recommended guidelines.

Evidence that endogenous formaldehyde produces immunogenic and atherogenic adduct epitopes.

Endogenous formaldehyde is abundantly present in our bodies, at around 100 µM under normal conditions. While such high steady state levels of formaldehyde may be derived by enzymatic reactions including oxidative demethylation/deamination and myeloperoxidation, it is unclear whether endogenous formaldehyde can initiate and/or promote diseases in humans. Here, we show that fluorescent malondialdehyde-formaldehyde (M2FA)-lysine adducts are immunogenic without adjuvants in mice.

Poor recognition of O6-isopropyl dG by MGMT triggers double strand break-mediated cell death and micronucleus induction in FANC-deficient cells.

Isopropyl methanesulfonate (IPMS) is the most potent genotoxic compound among methanesulfonic acid esters. The genotoxic potential of alkyl sulfonate esters is believed to be due to their alkylating ability of the O6 position of guanine. Understanding the primary repair pathway activated in response to IPMS-induced DNA damage is important to profile the genotoxic potential of IPMS.

Hook plate fixation for acute acromioclavicular dislocations without coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction: a functional outcome study in military personnel.

The aim of our study was to evaluate the shoulder function after clavicular hook plate fixation of acute acromioclavicular dislocations (Rockwood type III) in a population group consisting exclusively of high-demand military personnel. This prospective study was carried out at a tertiary care military orthopaedic centre during 2012-2013 using clavicular hook plate for management of acromioclavicular injuries without coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction in 33 patients. All patients underwent routine implant removal after 16 weeks.

The endogenous exposome.

The concept of the Exposome is a compilation of diseases and one's lifetime exposure to chemicals, whether the exposure comes from environmental, dietary, or occupational exposures; or endogenous chemicals that are formed from normal metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, infections, and other natural metabolic processes such as alteration of the gut microbiome. In this review, we have focused on the endogenous exposome, the DNA damage that arises from the production of endogenous electrophilic molecules in our cells. It provides quantitative data on endogenous DNA damage and its relationship to mutagenesis, with emphasis on when exogenous chemical exposures that produce identical DNA adducts to those arising from normal metabolism cause significant increases in total identical DNA adducts.

Molecular dosimetry of endogenous and exogenous O(6)-methyl-dG and N7-methyl-G adducts following low dose [D3]-methylnitrosourea exposures in cultured human cells.

For DNA-reactive chemicals, a low dose linear assessment of cancer risk is the science policy default. In the present study, we quantitated the endogenous and exogenous N7-methyl-G and O(6)-methyl-dG adducts in human lymphoblastoid cells exposed to low dose [D3]-methylnitrosourea. Endogenous amounts of both adducts remained nearly constant, while the exogenous adducts showed linear dose-responses.

Methods for detection of oxidative stress and genotoxicity of engineered nanoparticles.

The distinctive characteristics of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) such as higher surface-to-volume ratio find immense applications in personal care products, food packaging, drug delivery systems, therapeutics & biosensors and others. The exponential increase in the ENP containing consumer products in the last 5 years has also increased their inadvertent release in the environment and a debate towards their adverse effects to the human and environment health. A variety of ENPs with different size, shape, and surface properties have been shown to induce genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and oxidative stress in different cellular models.

Comparative study on effects of two different types of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on human neuronal cells.

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) are among most frequently used nanoparticles (NPs). They are present in a variety of consumer products, including food industry in which they are employed as an additive. The potential toxic effects of these NPs on mammal cells have been extensively studied.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles induce oxidative DNA damage and ROS-triggered mitochondria mediated apoptosis in human liver cells (HepG2).

The wide scale use of Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles in the world consumer market makes human beings more prone to the exposure to ZnO nanoparticles and its adverse effects. The liver, which is the primary organ of metabolism, might act as a major target organ for ZnO nanoparticles after they gain entry into the body through any of the possible routes. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the apoptotic and genotoxic potential of ZnO nanoparticles in human liver cells (HepG2) and the underlying molecular mechanism of its cellular toxicity.

Induction of oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis in mouse liver after sub-acute oral exposure to zinc oxide nanoparticles.

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles are finding applications in a wide range of products including cosmetics, food packaging, imaging, etc. This increases the likelihood of human exposure to these nanoparticles through dermal, inhalation and oral routes. Presently, the majority of the studies concerning ZnO nanoparticle toxicity have been conducted using in vitro systems which lack the complex cell-cell, cell-matrix interactions and hormonal effects found in the in vivo scenario.

Zinc oxide nanoparticle induced genotoxicity in primary human epidermal keratinocytes.

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles are widely used in cosmetics and sunscreens. Human epidermal keratinocytes may serve as the first portal of entry for these nanoparticles either directly through topically applied cosmetics or indirectly through any breaches in the skin integrity. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to assess the biological interactions of ZnO nanoparticles in primary human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK) as they are the most abundant cell type in the human epidermis.