New evidence of the presence of micro- and nanoplastic particles in bronchioalveolar lavage samples of clinical trial subjects.

This is the first study reporting the presence of airborne nano-sized plastic particles in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples of patients undergoing diagnostic bronchoscopy. The results represent the plastic pollution content in the lower airways of the residents of Northern Europe. Airborne micro- and nanoplastic particles (MP/NPs) are widely dispersed worldwide and intrude on human organisms to various extents, with the respiratory tract being the first line of exposure.

Age as a Risk Factor in the Occurrence of Complications during or after Bronchoscopic Lung Biopsy.

Introduction: Bronchoscopic lung biopsy (BLB) is a widely used procedure. As the world's population is ageing, more BLBs are performed for older people with comorbidities. The aim of the study was to investigate if an older age is a risk factor for BLB related complications.

Think outside the coronary artery: Extremely rare case of STEMI in young man.

Acute myocardial infarction caused by a bronchogenic cyst is a very rare pathology. It occurs as a result of external compression of the coronary artery by the cyst, leading to myocardial ischemia. The present case illustrates that a bronchogenic cyst, which is generally considered to be a chronic disease entity with gradual onset of symptoms, can manifest acutely as a life-threatening condition.

Systemic Inflammatory Response to Different Sclerosing Agents as a Predictor of Pleurodesis Outcome.

Background/aim: The objectives of this study were to evaluate systemic inflammation using different sclerosing agents and to estimate the prediction of systemic inflammation for the efficacy of pleurodesis.

Patients And Methods: Ninety-six patients with recurrent and symptomatic malignant pleural effusion were enrolled in this retrospective study. We used serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, serum leukocyte counts and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios (NLRs) as parameters of systemic inflammatory reactions.

CD31, CD38, CD44, and CD103 lymphocytes in peripheral blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung biopsy tissue in sarcoid patients and controls.

Background: The mechanisms driving the transition from inflammation to fibrosis in sarcoidosis patients are poorly understood; prognostic features are lacking. Immune cell profiling may provide insights into pathogenesis and prognostic factors of the disease. This study aimed to establish associations in simultaneous of lymphocyte subset profiles in the blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and lung biopsy tissue in the patients with newly diagnosed sarcoidosis.

Case of Severe Treatment-Resistant Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia.

Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia is a rare interstitial lung disease with different onset of symptoms, which responds rapidly to glucocorticoid treatment. We present a case of cryptogenic organizing pneumonia which manifested as a progressive 3-year dyspnea that ultimately has led to acute respiratory failure. Moreover, treatment with prednisone for this patient exhibited slow onset of the effect.

A Cohort Study of Exposure to Antihyperglycemic Therapy and Survival in Patients with Lung Cancer.

We evaluated the effect of antihyperglycemic therapy on the survival of patients with lung cancer (LC). The analysis included patients with LC and concomitant type 2 diabetes. 15,929 patients were classified into five groups: metformin users, insulin users, metformin and insulin users, sulphonylurea users and non-diabetic group.

Surveillance of adverse events in the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis: first global report.

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that countries implement pharmacovigilance and collect information on active drug safety monitoring (aDSM) and management of adverse events.The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the frequency and severity of adverse events to anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs in a cohort of consecutive TB patients treated with new ( bedaquiline, delamanid) and repurposed ( clofazimine, linezolid) drugs, based on the WHO aDSM project. Adverse events were collected prospectively after attribution to a specific drug together with demographic, bacteriological, radiological and clinical information at diagnosis and during therapy.

Prognostic Value of Thyroid Transcription Factor-1 Expression in Patients with Advanced Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Background/aim: The prognostic role of thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF1) in advanced lung cancer is not clearly established. The present study aimed to evaluate the associations between clinicopathological characteristics, TTF1 expression, and overall survival (OS) of patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma.

Materials And Methods: One hundred and seventy-two patients were enrolled in this retrospective study.

Relationship between radiologic patterns, pulmonary function values and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cells in newly diagnosed sarcoidosis.

Background: The aim of the present study was to identify specious radiologic and/or physiologic prognostic marker(s), which lead to optimize of the patient follow-up frequency.

Methods: Eighty consecutive patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary sarcoidosis. Patients underwent chest radiography, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) examination, pulmonary function tests (PFT), bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and lung biopsy, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cell examination.

Fatal pulmonary complication during induction therapy in a patient with ANCA-associated vasculitis.

ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) is an inflammatory systemic disorder affecting small to medium sized vessels and likely leading to any organ dysfunction. Adequate treatment is important to avoid mortality or severe organ damage. In most cases initial treatment (induction therapy) allows to achieve remission.

A fast and fatal course of bronchiectasis: an unusual rare expression of chronic graft versus host disease. A case report.

We report a case of a patient with acute myeloid leukaemia whose treatment with bone marrow transplantation (BMT) was followed by chronic graft versus host disease (GVHD) with lung involvement and bronchiectasis. This report illustrates an unusual course of a fast progression of the bronchiectasis due to BMT. A 33-year-old female was diagnosed with acute myeloid leukaemia.

[Odontogenic mediastinitis. Diagnostics and treatment].

Unlabelled: The aim of our work was to evaluate the diagnostic and treatment of patients with odontogenic mediastinitis.

Methods: The last 10 years (1991-2001) 13 males and 4 females, mean age 43 years, with odontogenic mediastinitis were submitted to surgical treatment. Primary odontogenic abscess occurred in all.

[Empyemectomy-treatment of pleural empyema].

Empyema thoracis has been recognized as a disease entity since the time of Hippocrates and historically has been associated with high mortality. Over 30 years ago, the American Thoracic Society described three stages in the natural course of empyema, namely the exudative, fibrinopurulent, and organizing phases. Decortication and suction drainage usually result in lung re-expansion, otherwise pleurocutaneous window, intrathoracic transposition of skeletal muscle, or thoracoplasty remain life-saving but now uncommon options for treating a closed-space infection.

[Esophageal achalasia].

Unlabelled: The purpose of this study was to analyze results of pneumatic dilatation due to esophageal achalasia at the Clinic of General Thoracic Surgery of Vilnius University.

Material And Methods: During 25-year period (1973-1998) we have treated 133 achalasia patients. On 125 patients pneumatic dilatation was performed.

[Stent placement in patients with benign esophageal strictures].

The aim of the study was to evaluate results of esophageal stenting for non-neoplastic strictures. A lot of studies proved esophageal stenting for neoplastic strictures to be a safe and effective method of palliative treatment. However, esophageal stenting for non-neoplastic diseases is a matter of controversion.