G9a an Epigenetic Therapeutic Strategy for Neurodegenerative Conditions: From Target Discovery to Clinical Trials.

This review provides a comprehensive overview of the role of G9a/EHMT2, focusing on its structure and exploring the impact of its pharmacological and/or gene inhibition in various neurological diseases. In addition, we delve into the advancements in the design and synthesis of G9a/EHMT2 inhibitors, which hold promise not only as a treatment for neurodegeneration diseases but also for other conditions, such as cancer and malaria. Besides, we presented the discovery of dual therapeutic approaches based on G9a inhibition and different epigenetic enzymes like histone deacetylases, DNA methyltransferases, and other lysine methyltransferases.

Advanced CNN Architecture for Brain Tumor Segmentation and Classification using BraTS-GOAT 2024 Dataset.

Background: The BraTS Generalizability Across Tumors (BraTS-GoAT) initiative addresses the critical need for robust and generalizable models in brain tumor segmentation. Despite advancements in automated segmentation techniques, the variability in tumor characteristics and imaging modalities across clinical settings presents a significant challenge.

Objective: This study aims to develop an advanced CNN-based model for brain tumor segmentation that enhances consistency and utility across diverse clinical environments.

Porcelain appendix: a rare mimicker of the acute abdomen.

An appendiceal mucocele is a rare clinical entity often mimicking that of acute appendicitis in a majority of cases leading to incidental intraoperative findings. Nevertheless, appropriate diagnosis is vital prior to surgery to prevent complications such as pseudomyxoma peritonei. This report details a case of a man in his 70s, who was admitted to the emergency department with right iliac fossa pain with imaging showing wall thickening of the caecum and the ascending colon.

Tissue-resident memory T cells in epicardial adipose tissue comprise transcriptionally distinct subsets that are modulated in atrial fibrillation.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia and carries an increased risk of stroke and heart failure. Here we investigated how the immune infiltrate of human epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), which directly overlies the myocardium, contributes to AF. Flow cytometry analysis revealed an enrichment of tissue-resident memory T (T) cells in patients with AF.

Visible light-driven molecular oxygen activation for oxidative amidation of alcohols using lead-free metal halide perovskite.

Herein, we report the modulation of the band structures of halide perovskite CsCuBr by tuning the synthesis methods. The photocatalyst PC-1, synthesized by the hot injection method, has a more negative conduction band minima (CBM) than the photocatalyst PC-2, synthesized at room temperature. As a result, PC-1 can activate molecular O more efficiently to initiate the radical-mediated dehydrogenation of alcohols.

A comprehensive review of synthetic strategies and SAR studies for the discovery of PfDHODH inhibitors as antimalarial agents. Part 2: Non-DSM compounds.

Malaria remains a severe global health concern, with 249 million cases reported in 2022, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) [1]. PfDHODH is an essential enzyme in malaria parasites that helps to synthesize certain building blocks for their growth and development. It has been confirmed that targeting Plasmodium falciparum dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (PfDHODH) enzyme could lead to new and effective antimalarial drugs.

Deciphering charge transfer dynamics of a lead halide perovskite-nickel(ii) complex for visible light photoredox C-N coupling.

Photoredox catalysis involving perovskite quantum dots (QDs) has gained enormous attention because of their high efficiency and selectivity. In this study, we have demonstrated CsPbBr QDs as photocatalysts for the C-N bond formation reaction. The introduction of Ni(dmgH) (dmgH = dimethyl glyoximato) as a cocatalyst with CsPbBr QDs facilitates photocatalytic C-N coupling to form a wide variety of amides.

Serial Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Rate of Ventricular Blood Clearance in Patients with Intraventricular Hemorrhage.

Background: We developed a noninvasive biomarker to quantify the rate of ventricular blood clearance in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage and extension to the ventricles-intraventricular hemorrhage.

Methods: We performed magnetic resonance imaging in 26 patients at 1, 14, 28, and 42 days of onset and measured their hematoma volume (HV), ventricular blood volume (VBV), and two diffusion metrics: fractional anisotropy (FA), and mean diffusivity (MD). The ipasilesional ventricular cerebral spinal fluid's FA and MD were associated with VBV and stroke severity scores (National Institute of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS]).

Mortality and failure-to-rescue after esophagectomy in the procedure-targeted National Surgical Quality Improvement Program registry.

Background: The association between procedural volume and esophagectomy outcomes has been established, but the relationship between higher levels of care and esophagectomy outcomes has not been explored. This study aims to investigate whether hospital participation in the American College of Surgeons (ACS) National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) esophagectomy-targeted registry is associated with superior outcomes.

Methods: The 2016-2020 ACS NSQIP standard and esophagectomy-targeted registries were queried.

Prenatal vitamin D levels and infant cognitive, motor, language and social-emotional development at 6 and 9 months of age.

Aim: Vitamin D is involved in several processes related to the development of neuronal and non-neuronal cells. There is a possible link between maternal vitamin D status in pregnancy and delayed neurocognitive development in the offspring. The aim of the study was to explore the association of maternal and cord blood vitamin D levels with infants' neurodevelopment at 6 and 9 months of age.

Going the extra mile: Developing an interactive mobile application for maternal and infant care for tribal birth attendants.

Background: Mobile health applications are an established tool for healthcare management, patient education, and even capacity building for healthcare providers. However, its use among traditional birth attendants (TBAs) is limited. The aim of this study is to explore the needs and bottlenecks of developing an interactive mobile application for maternal and infant care (MAI) of TBAs.

Melanoma - goes where it wants and does what it pleases. A case report of primary gastric melanoma.

Melanoma is a common global cancer, however, extracutaneous forms are most often from metastasis. Primary extracutaneous forms are rare, with primary gastric melanoma exceedingly so, with approximately only 50 cases reported worldwide in the literature. The mainstay of management is surgical resection with minimal data on adjuvant therapy.

Down-Klinefelter Syndrome With Concurrent Double Aneuploidy in an Indian Child.

The genetics of Down syndrome (DS) and Klinefelter syndrome (KS) are a nondisjunction of autosomal and sex chromosomes, respectively, resulting in aneuploidies. Less than 70 cases of concurrent Down-Klinefelter syndrome (DS-KS) have been reported in the literature. We report the case of a five-month-old Indian child with a rare double aneuploidy resulting in DS-KS.

Squeezing formaldehyde into C fullerene.

The cavity inside fullerene C provides a highly symmetric and inert environment for housing atoms and small molecules. Here we report the encapsulation of formaldehyde inside C by molecular surgery, yielding the supermolecular complex CHO@C, despite the 4.4 Å van der Waals length of CHO exceeding the 3.

A comprehensive review of synthetic strategies and SAR studies for the discovery of PfDHODH inhibitors as antimalarial agents. Part 1: triazolopyrimidine, isoxazolopyrimidine and pyrrole-based (DSM) compounds.

One of the deadliest infectious diseases, malaria, still has a significant impact on global morbidity and mortality. Plasmodium falciparum dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (PfDHODH) catalyzes the fourth step in de novo pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis and has been clinically validated as an innovative and promising target for the development of novel targeted antimalarial drugs. PfDHODH inhibitors have the potential to significantly slow down parasite growth at the blood and liver stages.

Neuroprotective effect of taxifolin against aluminum chloride-induced dementia and pathological alterations in the brain of rats: possible involvement of toll-like receptor 4.

Aluminum (Al) overexposure damages various organ systems, especially the nervous system. Regularly administered aluminum chloride (AlCl) to rats causes dementia and pathophysiological alterations linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Taxifolin's neuroprotective effects against AlCl-induced neurotoxicity and studies were studied.

Gap identification for improvement in maternal and early infant health care practices among tribal pregnant women in an aspirational tribal district Sirohi, Rajasthan.

Background: Sirohi is one of the aspirational districts of Rajasthan which is also tribal-dominated. The maternal and early infant health indicators are worrisome compared to regional or national statistics. First-trimester registration of pregnant women is 54% in district Sirohi, which is much less as compared to registration in the state of Rajasthan (63%) and India (59%).

The low loading of metal in metal-organic framework-derived NiN@NC promotes amide formation through C-N coupling.

The pyrolysis of Ni-substituted zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 produces NiN@NC with an ultra-low loading of Ni (7.4 × 10 mol%). The Ni-N coordination, subnanometer particle size, and uniform distribution of NiN on the NC support lead to excellent catalytic activity (TON = 2702) and selectivity for the amination of aldehydes to produce amides.

Immunometabolic Adaptation of CD19-Targeted CAR T Cells in the Central Nervous System Microenvironment of Patients Promotes Memory Development.

Unlabelled: Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of T-cell activation, and metabolic fitness is fundamental for T-cell-mediated antitumor immunity. Insights into the metabolic plasticity of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in patients could help identify approaches to improve their efficacy in treating cancer. Here, we investigated the spatiotemporal immunometabolic adaptation of CD19-targeted CAR T cells using clinical samples from CAR T-cell-treated patients.

A new onset drug induced diabetes mellitus presenting with diabetic ketoacidosis in a child undergoing treatment for B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. A case report and review of literature.

Objectives: Hyperglycemia is a known side effect of anticancer chemotherapeutic drugs. This entity known as drug-induced diabetes mellitus usually does not present with the development of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). We hereby report a case of drug induced diabetes mellitus in a child with acute leukemia presenting with DKA.

Recent Advances in Therapeutic Approaches Against Ebola Virus Infection.

Background: Ebola virus (EBOV) is a genus of negative-strand RNA viruses belonging to the family Filoviradae that was first described in 1976 in the present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo. It has intermittently affected substantial human populations in West Africa and presents itself as a global health menace due to the high mortality rate of patients, high transmission rate, difficult patient management, and the emergence of complicated autoimmune disease-like conditions post-infection.

Objective: EBOV or other EBOV-like species as a biochemical weapon pose a significant risk; hence, the need to develop both prophylactic and therapeutic medications to combat the virus is unquestionable.