Decreased perifoveal ganglion cell complex thickness - a first sign for macular damage in patients using hydroxychloroquine.

To examine ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness detected by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients using hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), without any structural and functional macular changes to evaluate the initial symptoms of macular toxicity for early diagnosis before clinical evaluation. Eighty eyes of forty patients (Group 1) and forty eyes of twenty healthy volunteer persons (Group 2) were included in the study. Detailed ophthalmologic and mydriatic fundus examination were applied to all patients and volunteers (controls).

Prognostic factors associated with the course of vitreomacular traction in eyes with age-related macular degeneration.

Clinical Relevance: Vitreomacular traction(VMT) is a clinical syndrome that can cause decreased vision and may affect the treatment response in cases of age-related macular degeneration(AMD). Factors affecting the course of VMT in AMD cases will guide the clinician in terms of patient management.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of VMT in patients with AMD, to evaluate the natural course of VMT, and to investigate factors associated with the prognosis of VMT in eyes with AMD.

Association of Changes in Thickness of Limbal Epithelial and Stroma with Corneal Scars Detected by High-Resolution Anterior Segment Optic Coherence Tomography.

Aim: To investigate the corneal central and limbal thickness in cornea scar patients using high-resolution anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and to determine the changes in the limbal region due to the corneal scar. Also, to evaluate tear film parameters in scar patients.

Methods: Thirty patients with central corneal scar and 30 control subjects.

Diplopia in Cases With Type 1 Duane Retraction Syndrome.

Objective In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of diplopia in cases with type 1 Duane retraction syndrome (DRS). Materials and methods This study was a retrospective review of cases involving patients presenting diagnosed with DRS over a period of 24 years. Among these cases, 28 had type 1 DRS and fulfilled the inclusion criteria.

Agreement of Anterior Segment Parameters Between Schiempflug Topography and Swept-Source Optic Coherence Based Optic Biometry in Keratoconus and Healthy Subjects.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare anterior segment parameters, including corneal thickness (CCT), keratometry and anterior chamber depth (ACD), and white to white corneal diameter (WTW), obtained by Pentacam Schiempflug imaging and intraocular lens (IOL) Master 700 swept-source optic coherence tomography biometry in keratoconus patients and healthy subjects.

Methods: This prospective cross-sectional instrument agreement analysis includes 88 eyes of 50 keratoconus patients and 87 eyes of 50 healthy subjects. Biometry was performed using IOL Master 700, and topography was performed using Pentacam.

Corneal epithelium and limbal region alterations due to glaucoma medications evaluated by anterior segment optic coherence tomography: a case-control study.

Aim: To investigate the corneal epithelial and limbal epithelial alterations in patients under topical glaucoma treatment using anterior segment-OCT (AS-OCT) and to determine the changes of the limbal region due to the preservatives and glaucoma drugs, that can progress to limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD). Limbal thickness was measured by AS-OCT to evaluate limbal cell deficiency.

Methods: Forty-seven patients using topical medication for glaucoma, and 48 control subjects were enrolled in this matched case-control study.

NATURAL COURSE OF VITREOMACULAR TRACTION IN EYES WITH DIABETIC RETINOPATHY AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH SPONTANEOUS RELEASE.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the natural course of vitreomacular traction (VMT) in patients with diabetic retinopathy and to evaluate the factors associated with VMT relief.

Methods: Seventy-four eyes of 65 patients with VMT accompanying diabetic retinopathy were evaluated retrospectively. The presence of intravitreal injection and the presence of panretinal photocoagulation were obtained from the medical records of the patients.

Neferine inhibits epidermal growth factor-induced proliferation and migration of retinal pigment epithelial cells through downregulating p38 MAPK and PI3K/AKT signalling.

Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) occurs in approximately 5-10% of patients after retinal detachment surgery. Neferine is a bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloid found in the green seed embryos () of the lotus flower and has various properties, such as being antithrombotic, antioxidant, neuroprotective, anticancerous, and anti-inflammatory. Although the effects of neferine on the proliferation and migration of cancer cells have been partially shown, their possible role and the mechanism of action on PVR remain unclear.

Optical biometry-based axial length alterations after intravitreal dexamethasone implant.

Purpose: To investigate changes in axial length after intravitreal dexamethasone implantation in patients with macular edema.

Methods: We performed a prospective comparative study of 46 patients with unilateral macular edema, due to diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion, and non-infectious uveitis, who underwent dexamethasone implantation. The fellow eyes of the patients were considered the control group.

Metabolic Syndrome May Exacerbate Macular and Retinal Damage in Psoriasis Vulgaris.

: To evaluate whether cases with both psoriasis and metabolic syndrome are prone to retinal and macular changes. : A total of 174 eyes of 87 subjects were evaluated. Of the 87 subjects, 24 had psoriasis, 19 had psoriasis and metabolic syndrome, 18 had metabolic syndrome only and 26 were healthy subjects.

Esculetin Protects Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells from Lipopolysaccharide-induced Inflammation and Cell Death.

Purpose: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of visual loss. The dry AMD is characterized by retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) death and changes in AMD lead to severe loss of vision. Coumarin-derived esculetin has a number of therapeutic and pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant with various mechanisms.

Effects of cisplatin-5-fluorouracil combination therapy on oxidative stress, DNA damage, mitochondrial apoptosis, and death receptor signalling in retinal pigment epithelium cells.

Aim: Combination therapies of cisplatin with 5-FU (PF) are an effective solution and have been widely used for the treatment of various categories of cancer including anal, gastrointestinal, and oral cancer, as well as head and neck tumors. The effects of combined PF treatment on vital intracellular signalling pathways in nontargeted cells remain unclear. The aim of this study is to explain the possible mechanisms by which combined PF treatment results in retinal toxicity and to investigate the effects of PF on important vital signalling pathways in ARPE 19 retinal pigmented epithelial cells.

Effects of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors on Macular Ganglion Cell Complex Thickness and Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness.

Purpose: To evaluate macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in patients treated with SSRIs.

Methods: The present study included 62 eyes of 31 patients who were using SSRIs and 60 eyes of 30 healthy, age- and gender-matched control subjects. All patients underwent a full ophthalmological examination in which macular thickness, GCC thickness, and peripapillary RNFL thickness were measured using optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Comparison of corneal endothelial cell analysis in patients with uveitis and healthy subjects.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of uveitis in corneal endothelial cell number and morphology by non-contact specular microscopy.

Methods: Our cross-sectional study was performed on 56 eyes of uveitis patients and 53 eyes of healthy subjects. Non-contact specular microscopy was performed to all subjects.

Coexistence of optic pit and coloboma of iris, lens, and choroid: a case report.

A 42-year-old woman was admitted to our clinic with a complaint of glare in both eyes. Biomicroscopic examination of both the eyes revealed iris and lens colobomas in the inferior quadrant. Fundus examination of the right eye revealed an oval and gray inferotemporal optic pit and two choroid colobomas in the inferior quadrant.

A Moyamoya Patient with Bilateral Consecutive Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion.

We describe a moyamoya (MMD) patient with bilateral consecutive branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). The patient had a medical history of severe headache, cranial haemorrhage, bilateral supraclinoid carotid artery occlusion, and "puff of smoke" collaterals on cerebral angiography and an encephalomyosynangiosis operation. On ophthalmic examination, he had superior temporal branch vein occlusion with intraretinal haemorrhage and visual acuity of 20/25 in the right eye.

Central Retinal Artery Occlusion in Takayasu's Arteritis as the First Presentation of the Disease.

Takayasu's arteritis (TA) is a chronic inflammatory granulomatous vasculitis which affects large and medium arterial vessels. The disease involves especially subclavian arteries and aortic branches but it can consist of any arteries. The major pathology is granulomatous panarteritis with intima proliferation and defects of the elastic lamina of the vessels.

Thickness changes in foveal, macular, and ganglion cell complex regions associated with Behçet uveitis during remission.

Purpose: To investigate foveal, macular, and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness in patients with Behçet uveitis during remission.

Methods: We included patients with panuveitis attacks caused by Behçet disease. Patients were taking immunosuppressive therapy and had no active ocular inflammation.

Prognostic factors for stereopsis in refractive accommodative esotropia.

Objective: To determine the prognostic factors affecting stereoacuity in patients with refractive accommodative esotropia (RAE) according to the results of long follow- up period.

Methods: We reviewed the charts of 70 patients with RAE between the years 1985-2014. Patients were classified into three groups.

Case report: First evidence of human zoonotic infection by Onchocerca lupi (Spirurida, Onchocercidae).

In the past decades, cases of canine ocular onchocercosis have been reported worldwide, particularly in the United States and Europe. Onchocerca lupi, originally described from a wolf, has been implicated in some of these cases, and its zoonotic role has been hypothesized on the basis of the reexamination of two cases of human ocular onchocerciasis. In the present study, we describe, for the first time, the occurrence of O.

Diagnostic occlusion test in intermittent exotropia.

Purpose: We sought to determine the ideal length of time to use the diagnostic occlusion test (DOT) in the evaluation of patients with intermittent exotropia.

Methods: Eighty-two consecutive intermittent exotropia patients were prospectively evaluated. After the routine ophthalmic examination, the DOT was applied for 1, 3, and 24 hours.

Effects of different contact lens materials and contact lens-wearing periods on conjunctival cytology in asymptomatic contact lens wearers.

Purpose: To investigate the conjunctival cytologic changes induced by different contact lens materials and contact lens-wearing periods in asymptomatic contact lens wearers.

Methods: Seventy-five patients (150 eyes) who were to wear contact lenses for the first time were evaluated in this study. Forty eyes of 20 soft hydroxyethylmethacrylate (vinyl pyrrolidone copolymer) contact lens wearers, 70 eyes of 35 soft Polymacon contact lens wearers, and 40 eyes of 20 hard gas-permeable contact lens wearers used the lenses on a daily-wear basis.

Systemic and topical fresh-frozen plasma treatment in a newborn with ligneous conjunctivitis.

Purpose: We report the results of systemic and topical fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) treatment and conjunctival membrane excision of a newborn with ligneous conjunctivitis.

Methods: The newborn, referred because of bilateral membranous conjunctivitis, was hospitalized with the preliminary diagnosis of gonococcic conjunctivitis. The conjunctival membranes were excised on the fourth day of topical antibiotherapy.

Late dislocation of an anterior chamber intraocular lens into the vitreous.

We report the case of a patient with dislocation of an anterior chamber intraocular lens (AC IOL) into the vitreous, 5 years after surgery. The cause of the dislocation may have been the size of the pupil and habitual eye rubbing. This case report describes a rare complication of AC IOL implantation in eyes of previous iris lesions or pupil abnormalities.