Lipoprotein(a): A New Intensive Care Unit Admission Predictor in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients.

Objective: Endothelium-related events in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 are linked to a poor prognosis. Lipoprotein(a) plays a role in vascular endothelial cell dysfunction. This research aims to investigate whether baseline serum lipoprotein(a) levels could be a predictor for intensive care unit admission and related clinical parameters in coronavirus disease 2019 patients.

Evaluation of Plasma Melatonin Levels in Children With Afebrile and Febrile Seizures.

Background: Melatonin modulates central nervous system neuronal activity. We compared the melatonin levels of patients with febrile and afebrile seizures during and after seizure with those of healthy controls.

Methods: We enrolled 59 individuals with afebrile and febrile seizures (mean age, 6.

Measures of ventricles and evans' index: from neonate to adolescent.

Ventricle sizes are important for the early diagnosis of hydrocephalus or for follow-up after ventriculostomy. Diameters of ventricles may change, especially in childhood. This study aims to provide normative data about ventricle diameters.

Measures of pituitary gland and stalk: from neonate to adolescence.

Objective: The aim of this study is to provide normative data about pituitary diameters in a pediatric population. Pituitary imaging is important for the evaluation of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis defect. However, data about normal pituitary gland diameters and stalk are limited, especially in children.

Breath-holding spells may be associated with maturational delay in myelination of brain stem.

Purpose: To evaluate possible contribution of maturational delay of brain stem in the etiology of breath-holding spells in children using brain stem auditory evoked potentials.

Methods: The study group included children who experienced breath-holding spells. The control group consisted of healthy age- and sex-matched children.

Subtelomeric fish findings in Turkish patients with idiopathic mental retardation.

Subtelomeric rearrangements are the major cause of idiopathic mental retardation (IMR). This study included 67 Turkish children with IMR. Subtelomere fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to determine the subtelomeric rearrangements.

Relationship between oxidative stress and chronic daily headache in children.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between oxidative stress and chronic daily headache (CDH) in children. Although there are reports that oxidative injury may play a role in the pathophysiology of some neurologic disorders, such as migraine and epilepsy, by disrupting or destroying cell membranes through the formation of free radical and reactive oxygen species, the pathophysiology of headache is not clearly established. A total of 38 children (16 boys and 22 girls) with CDH, aged between 7 and 15 years, were enrolled in the study.

Acquired epileptiform opercular syndrome: F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) findings and efficacy of levetiracetam therapy.

We report a five-year-old girl presenting with dysphagia, dysarthria, drooling, and generalized tonic convulsions in whom the final diagnosis was acquired epileptiform opercular syndrome. Levetiracetam monotherapy at a dosage of 40 mg/kg/day improved the clinical findings, and seizures were controlled at the end of the first month of treatment. Six months after the initial diagnosis, she presented with speech deterioration and dysarthria.

May long term oxcarbazepine treatment be lead to secondary hyperparathyroidism?

Background And Purpose: The adverse effects of newer antiepileptic drugs are not well-known. This study assessed the impact of oxcarbazepine (OXC) treatment on bone turnover.

Methods: Forty-four children with idiopathic focal (and/or secondarily generalized) epilepsy who had been treated with OXC for more than 1 year were compared with 33 healthy, age- and sex-matched children.

Ring chromosome 21 in the differential diagnosis of waddling gait.

Ring chromosome 21 syndrome is a rare clinical condition. Most of the patients have a recognizable phenotype and multisystem involvement is described. Structural neurologic anomalies have also been described, but waddling gait due to lower motor neuron involvement has not been previously reported in association with ring 21.

Osteopenia in children with cerebral palsy can be treated with oral alendronate.

Purpose: Cerebral palsy is one of the most common reasons of osteopenia in childhood. Patients have a significantly decreased bone mineral density, and painful fractures with minor traumas are common. Biphosphonates in the treatment of childhood osteoporosis are increasingly being used.

New adipocytokines (vaspin, apelin, visfatin, adiponectin) levels in children treated with valproic acid.

Aim: To investigate the relationship between the newly discovered adipocytokines and increasing body weight (paralleled by increased insulin resistance), and antiepileptic drug therapy with valproic acid (VPA).

Design And Methods: 44 children with idiopathic, generalized epilepsy treated with valproic acid (VPA), and 40 control group children were included in this study.

Results: Both the VPA-treated group and the control group showed no significant difference in terms of age, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol.

Renal agenesis in a child with ipsilateral hemihypertrophy.

Hemihypertrophy is a clinical condition defined as an asymmetric enlargement of one side of the body. Inguinal hernias, renal cysts, cryptorchidism, ectasias of collecting tubes, medullary sponge kidney and horse-shoe kidney are examples of abnormalities associated with hemihypertrophy that have been described in the literature. We report here a 17.

Effects of aminoguanidine and melatonin on intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats: An assessor-blinded, controlled experimental study.

Background: The reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generated during reperfusion of tissue are characteristic of intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (IIR) injury.

Objective: This study was designed to assess whether the administration of aminoguanidine (AG), a selective nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, and/or melatonin has protective potential in IIR injury.

Methods: Male Wistar albino rats (age, 3-4 weeks; weight, 100-150 g) were divided in a nonrandom fashion into 5 groups of equal size: group 1, IIR injury + AG 100 mg/kg; group 2, IIR injury + melatonin 10 mg/kg; group 3, IIR injury + AG 100 mg/kg + melatonin 10 mg/kg; group 4, sham operation; and group 5, IIR injury alone.

Plant growth regulator (4-chlorophenoxy acetic acid) increases apoptosis in gonads of rats without changing hormonal levels.

Background/aims: Plant growth regulators are considered to leave minimal amounts of remnants and therefore cause no significant side effects in humans. In this study, we aimed to investigate the hormonal and histopathological effects of 4-chlorophenoxy acetic acid (4-CPA), a commonly used plant growth regulator, on the gonadal functions of rats.

Methods: The study was implemented on 64 Wistar albino rats (20 days old).

Medical ozone therapy reduces oxidative stress and intestinal damage in an experimental model of necrotizing enterocolitis in neonatal rats.

Purpose: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains a major cause of morbidity and death in neonates. Evidence suggests that an imbalance between activated proinflammatory response with inadequate antiinflammatory protection results in NEC. Ozone has been proposed as an antioxidant enzyme activator, immunomodulator, and cellular metabolic activator.

Massive pulmonary ossification due to recurrent aspiration pneumonia.

Pulmonary ossification is an idiopathic disorder that presents with the formation of mature bone in the pulmonary parenchyma. This is a very rare entity that occurs in conjunction with busulfan therapy as well as with a number of diseases including chronic bronchitis, cystic fibrosis, congestive heart failure, myositis ossificans, and idiopathic interstitial fibrosis. It is usually seen in older age groups.

Evaluation of pertussis immunity status in schoolchildren immunized with whole-cell vaccine.

It has recently been reported that the worldwide increase in the number of pertussis cases is a result of the waning of whole-cell vaccine-induced immunity. Thus, in this study, we aimed to investigate the pertussis immunity status of primary and secondary school students in a district of Ankara, Turkey. A total of 997 healthy students, aged 9-17 years, who had been immunized with four doses of whole-cell pertussis vaccine were included in the study.

Enteral glutamine and/or arginine supplementation have favorable effects on oxidative stress parameters in neonatal rat intestine.

Objective: To investigate and compare the effects of enteral glutamine and arginine supply on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme levels in the small intestine of healthy breast-fed rats.

Materials And Methods: The study comprised 40 newborn Sprague-Dawley rats born to 5 mother rats. Newborn rats were randomly divided into 4 groups.

Perinatal risk factors affecting the maternal and fetal asymmetric dimethylarginine levels.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between maternal risk factors, neonatal demographic features and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels in a randomly selected group of pregnancies during delivery. The subjects were categorized into five groups as having: no maternal risk factor, maternal hypertension, gestational diabetes, maternal smoking history, and meconium staining. Blood samples were taken from the mothers before delivery and from the umbilical vein after delivery.

Melatonin and 1400 W ameliorate both intestinal and remote organ injury following mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion.

Objective: Acute intestinal ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury affects not only the intestines but also remote organs due to pro-inflammatory and tissue injurious factors. Thus, we aimed to investigate the roles of melatonin (a powerful antioxidant) and 1400W (a strong inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide) in a rat intestinal I/R injury model, since oxidative and nitrosative injury are believed to be the major causes.

Methods: A total of 56 Wistar albino rats were used, with seven rats in each group.

Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome with hemimegalencephaly, retroperitoneal lymphangioma and double inferior vena cava.

Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) is a rare disorder characterised by congenital vascular hamartomas, limb hypertrophy, lymphangiomas and atresia of lymph vessels with non-pitting oedema. A 6-year-old girl with KTS was referred to our hospital for evaluation of intractable seizures. In addition to findings consistent with KTS, we also found hemimegalencephaly, retroperitoneal lymphangioma and double inferior vena cava.