The relationship between human leukocyte antigens (HLA) and renal cell carcinoma.

Etiologies of Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) are not clear despite of the fact that many risk factors have been suggested. Especially in high stages RCC can affect the immune system in various ways. Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) may play a complementary role in the activation between the tumor and immunity.

Management of renal abscess formation after embolization due to renal angiomyolipomas in two cases.

Current management strategies of renal angiomyolipomas (AMLs) include observation, embolization and partial or total nephrectomy. Selective arterial embolization is an effective and safe treatment of large angiomyolipomas with low complication rates. Percutaneous drainage was the recommended treatment for renal abscess formation following the embolization.

Comparison of 3 different methods of anesthesia before transrectal prostate biopsy: a prospective randomized trial.

Purpose: Periprostatic nerve block (PNB) is the most common anesthesia technique used before prostate biopsy. However, needle punctures for anesthetic infiltration may be painful and cause higher infectious complications. We assessed whether addition of rectal lidocaine gel would improve its efficacy.

A simple position to provide better imaging of upper ureteral stones close to the crista iliaca during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy using the Siemens Lithostar.

Objective: The fluoroscopic image from the second plan (oblique) tube of an upper ureteral stone close to the crista iliaca may be superimposed on the pelvic bones during SWL using the Siemens Lithostar with the patient in the prone position. This creates difficulty in imaging and targeting of the stone and can necessitate using ureteral catheters before treatment and/or intravenous contrast injection during SWL. We describe a very simple, yet effective method for easier visualization of the stone under this circumstance.

The use of transversely tubularized bowel segment for segmental ureteral replacement.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the results of the use of a new technique, i.e. transversely tubularized bowel segment (TTBS) for segmental ureteral replacement in pigs.

Outcome of nephron-sparing surgery: elective versus imperative indications.

Introduction: The increase in the detection of renal tumors incidentally in earlier stages has enhanced the enthusiasm for nephron-sparing surgery (NSS).

Patients And Methods: We performed NSS in 76 patients (53 male, 23 female) with a mean age 52.3 between December 1988 and September 2001.

Transition zone biopsy and prediction of extraprostatic extension at radical prostatectomy.

Background: There is limited data in the literature that suggests that transition zone (TZ) biopsy might be useful for the prediction of extraprostatic extension (EPE) in clinically localized prostate cancer. We studied the role of TZ biopsy in the prediction of EPE.

Methods: Transition zone biopsies were performed in addition to systematic peripheral zone (PZ) biopsies between November 1995 and December 1999.

Is periprostatic local anesthesia for transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy associated with increased infectious or hemorrhagic complications? A prospective randomized trial.

Purpose: Periprostatic local anesthesia for prostate biopsy requires 2 or more extra needle punctures and injection of the local anesthetic through the highly colonized rectum. To our knowledge we report the first prospective randomized trial to assess the infectious or hemorrhagic complications associated with this method.

Materials And Methods: A total of 100 consecutive patients with sterile urine cultures underwent transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy.

Spontaneous ureteral rupture: is immediate surgical intervention always necessary? Presentation of four cases and review of the literature.

Purpose: We report our experience with spontaneous ureteral rupture (SUR) managed conservatively.

Case Reports: Data on three men and one woman 53 to 89 years old (mean age 73) with SUR were retrospectively evaluated. The common complaint was sudden-onset abdominal and concomitant flank pain.