Brown adipocyte and browning thermogenesis: metabolic crosstalk beyond mitochondrial limits and physiological impacts.

Brown adipocytes were proposed to reverse metabolic conditions such as obesity and diabetes, which make them potential for therapeutic applications. Brown adipocytes and browning process are capable of thermogenesis, the uncoupling metabolism which allows them to promote balanced energy expenditure, a fundamental mechanism for improving metabolic disorders. Thermogenesis process is not only performed by the thermogenin UCPs within the mitochondria, but instead, is globally regulated within brown and browning adipose tissues, which induces signalling molecules that can be sent to nearby and distant tissues to generate systemic effects on metabolism.

Feasibility of combining short tandem repeats (STRs) haplotyping with preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) in screening for beta thalassemia.

β-thalassemia is an autosomal recessive disease with the reduction or absence in the production of β-globin chain in the hemoglobin, which is caused by mutations in the Hemoglobin subunit beta (HBB) gene. In Vietnam, the number of β-thalassemia carriers range from 1.5 to 25.

Effects of β-glucan, probiotics, and synbiotics on obesity-associated colitis and hepatic manifestations in C57BL/6J mice.

Purpose: Probiotics and prebiotics are commonly used to improve the gut microbiota. Since prebiotics can support the growth of probiotics, co-administration of these is called synbiotics. It has been demonstrated that obesity-induced gut dysbiosis can worsen inflammatory bowel disease symptoms.

Anxiety: Recognition and Treatment Options.

Athletes may first seek counsel from mental health professionals with concerns of performance anxiety. The mental health professional must carefully explore the context and origins of the athlete's anxiety in order to identify and address the root cause. A detailed history and physical examination will help avoid missing comorbid conditions presenting with anxiety symptoms.

Transcriptional Factors of Thermogenic Adipocyte Development and Generation of Brown and Beige Adipocytes From Stem Cells.

Brown and beige adipocytes have been widely known for their potential to dissipate excessive energy into heat form, resulting in an alleviation of obesity and other overweight-related conditions. This review highlights the origins, characteristics, and functions of the various kinds of adipocytes, as well as their anatomic distribution inside the human body. This review mainly focuses on various essential transcriptional factors such as PRDM16, FGF21, PPARα, PPARγ and PGC-1α, which exert their effects on the development and activation of thermogenic adipocytes via important pathways such as JAK-STAT, cAMP-PKA and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways.