Naringin and temozolomide combination suppressed the growth of glioblastoma cells by promoting cell apoptosis: network pharmacology, assays and metabolomics based study.

Glioblastoma, which affects a large number of patients every year and has an average overall lifespan of around 14.6 months following diagnosis stands out as the most lethal primary invasive brain tumor. Currently, surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ) are the three major clinical treatment approaches.