The efficacy of a novel SWEEPS laser-activated irrigation compared to ultrasonic activation in the removal of pulp tissue from an isthmus area in the apical third of the root canal.

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Shock Wave Enhanced Emission Photoacoustic Streaming (SWEEPS) in the removal of remaining pulp tissue from the root canal isthmus area in lower molars and compare it with ultrasonically activated irrigation (UAI) and conventional needle irrigation (NI). Forty-one lower molars with isthmuses between mesial canals were included in the study. The teeth were randomly distributed into experimental groups (n = 12/each) based on the final irrigation protocol (SWEEPS, UAI, or NI) and a control group (C) (n = 5).

Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and Wound Healing.

The antiulcer peptide, stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 (previously employed in ulcerative colitis and multiple sclerosis trials, no reported toxicity (LD1 not achieved)), is reviewed, focusing on the particular skin wound therapy, incisional/excisional wound, deep burns, diabetic ulcers, and alkali burns, which may be generalized to the other tissues healing. BPC 157 has practical applicability (given alone, with the same dose range, and same equipotent routes of application, regardless the injury tested). By simultaneously curing cutaneous and other tissue wounds (colocutaneous, gastrocutaneous, esophagocutaneous, duodenocutaneous, vesicovaginal, and rectovaginal) in rats, the potency of BPC 157 is evident.

BPC 157 as a Therapy for Retinal Ischemia Induced by Retrobulbar Application of L-NAME in Rats.

Providing NO-system importance, we suggest that one single application of the NOS-blocker L-NAME may induce retinal ischemia in rats, and that the stable pentadecapeptide BPC 157 may be the therapy, since it may interact with the NO-system and may counteract various adverse effects of L-NAME application. A rat retinal ischemia study was conducted throughout 4 weeks, including fundoscopy, behavior presentation, tonometry, and histology assessment. Retrobulbar L-NAME application (5 mg/kg; 0.

Bowel adhesion and therapy with the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157, L-NAME and L-arginine in rats.

Background: After parietal peritoneum excision with an underlying superficial layer of muscle tissue in rats, there is failed vasculature, and finally, increased adhesion formation. We hypothesized that unlike nitric oxide (NO)-agents, L-NAME and/or L-arginine, the application of the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 with its most recent vascular effects ("vascular recruitment") means attenuated bowel adhesion formation and NO- and malondialdehyde (MDA)-tissue values.

Aim: To focused on the bowel adhesion and the therapy with the BPC 157, its most and application of NO-agents.

Effect of occlusal splint on oxidative stress markers and psychological aspects of chronic temporomandibular pain: a randomized controlled trial.

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD), when progress to a chronic state, might contribute to psychosocial or psychological distress. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of stabilization splint (SS) therapy on pain, pain-related disability and psychological traits of chronic TMD patients, as well as to assess selected oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers during 6-month treatment and associate them with the symptoms of anxiety and depression. Thirty-four participants were randomly assigned into two treatment groups [SS and placebo splint (PS)].

Differentiating Between Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Pleural Lesions Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy.

Histopathology, despite being the gold standard as a diagnostic tool, does not always provide a correct diagnosis for different pleural lesions. Although great progress was made in this field, the problem to differentiate between reactive and malignant pleural lesions still stimulates the search for additional diagnostic tools. Our research using vibrational spectroscopy and principal component analysis (PCA) statistical modeling represents a potentially useful tool to approach the problem.

Influence of saliva on the results of global laboratory coagulation tests.

Background: Oral wounds inevitably come into contact with saliva which can affect the time needed for bleeding to stop. The influence of saliva can be non-specific, related to dilution of blood, and/or mediated by salivary factors that affect haemostasis directly. The aim of this study was to assess if mixing blood with an individual's saliva would affect the rate of its coagulation measured by global coagulation tests, prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT).

The rise in glucose concentration in saliva samples mixed with test foods monitored using a glucometer: An observational pilot study.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to quantify the changes in glucose concentration in unstimulated saliva samples mixed with finely crushed salted sticks or oat meal using a readily available portable glucometer.

Methods: Glucose measurements were taken every 10 min during a 1 h monitoring period, for a total of 14 saliva samples mixed with test foods. Salivary amylase activity was measured immediately after saliva collection (T0) and after 1h (T60).

Therapy of the rat hemorrhagic cystitis induced by cyclophosphamide. Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157, L-arginine, L-NAME.

We focused on the cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis (100 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally throughout three days) as a particular NO-system disturbance, and therapy possibilities. We demonstrated that it may be attenuated by subsequent administration of the NOS substrate L-arginine (100 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally), aggravated by NOS-blocker L-NAME (5 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally), all influenced by the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 (10 μg/kg/day, 10 ng/kg/day, intraperitoneally or perorally, in drinking water). Regularly, cyclophosphamide dose- and time-dependently induced severe hemorrhagic cystitis lesions, gross lesions, and corresponding urothelial necrosis, vesical edema, erosion, hemorrhage, inflammation, and ulceration, microscopically.

Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in the therapy of the rats with bile duct ligation.

Recently, stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 reversed the high MDA- and NO-tissue values to the healthy levels. Thereby, BPC 157 therapy cured rats with bile duct ligation (BDL) (sacrifice at 2, 4, 6, 8 week). BPC 157-medication (10 μg/kg, 10 ng/kg) was continuously in drinking water (0.

Single-Dose Pharmacokinetic Properties and Relative Bioavailability of Different Formulations of Posaconazole Oral Suspension in Healthy Volunteers.

The rate and extent of absorption of drugs belonging to Biopharmaceutics Classification System class II are rate-limited by dissolution and highly dependent on the performance of the formulated product. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the potential impact of a surfactant and the particle size of the active substance on the in vitro drug dissolution profiles and in vivo pharmacokinetics of the poorly soluble drug posaconazole. A comparative physicochemical evaluation was conducted, and 3 formulations of posaconazole oral suspension were tested in various dissolution media compared with the reference product.

Salivary Oxidant/Antioxidant Status in Chronic Temporomandibular Disorders Is Dependent on Source and Intensity of Pain - A Pilot Study.

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) have been associated with altered salivary oxidative status, but the relation with pain source and pain severity isn't clarified. With the aim to assess their interaction with TMD, we compared levels of selected salivary oxidative stress (OS) markers (glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), uric acid, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, malondialdehyde) and salivary cortisol (SC) as a stress indicator, between 20 TMD patients and 15 healthy control subjects. In order to record differences relating to pain source and severity, patients were respectively classified according to specific diagnoses (myofascial pain or disc displacement (DD)), and pain intensity (high or low).

BPC 157 and Standard Angiogenic Growth Factors. Gastrointestinal Tract Healing, Lessons from Tendon, Ligament, Muscle and Bone Healing.

Commonly, the angiogenic growth factors signify healing. However, gastrointestinal ulceration is still poorly understood particularly with respect to a general pharmacological/pathophysiological role of various angiogenic growth factors implemented in growth factors wound healing concept. Thereby, we focused on the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157, a peptide given always alone vs.

Development of a Clinically Relevant Dissolution Method for Metaxalone Immediate Release Formulations Based on an IVIVC Model.

Purpose: The aim of the present work was to classify metaxalone according to the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS), to develop a clinically relevant dissolution method that can be used to predict the oral absorption of metaxalone and to establish an in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC).

Methods: Solubility of the drug was studied in different pH media and permeability studies were performed using a Caco-2 cell model. The in vitro dissolution and in vivo disposition of metaxalone from 3 different immediate release (IR) tablet formulations were investigated using USP 2 apparatus and a single dose, four-way, crossover bioequivalence study in healthy humans along with an oral solution of the drug, respectively.

Novel Cytoprotective Mediator, Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157. Vascular Recruitment and Gastrointestinal Tract Healing.

Years ago, we revealed a novel cytoprotective mediator, stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157, particular anti-ulcer peptide that heals different organs lesions when given as a therapy, native in human gastric juice while maintaining GI-tract mucosal integrity, already tested in trials (ulcerative colitis and now multiple sclerosis). The stomach cytoprotection is the most fundamental concept, stomach cell protection and endothelium protection are largely elaborated, but so far cell, protection and endothelium protection outside of the stomach were not implemented in the therapy. However, having managed these two points, stomach cell protection and endothelium protection, either one or together, even much more than standard cytoprotective agents do, BPC 157 employed large scale of its beneficial effects seen in various organs.

Within-Subject Reliability and between-Subject Variability of Oxidative Stress Markers in Saliva of Healthy Subjects: A Longitudinal Pilot Study.

The present study evaluated diurnal variations and day-to-day fluctuations of salivary oxidative stress (OS) markers in healthy adult individuals. Whole unstimulated saliva was collected at 2 time intervals over 3 consecutive days. Glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and uric acid (UA) were analyzed using spectrophotometric methods, while 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined using immunoassays.

Brain-gut Axis and Pentadecapeptide BPC 157: Theoretical and Practical Implications.

Background: Brain-gut interaction involves, among others, peptidergic growth factors which are native in GI tract and have strong antiulcer potency and thus could from periphery beneficially affect CNS-disorders. We focused on the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157, an antiulcer peptidergic agent, safe in inflammatory bowel disease trials and now in multiple sclerosis trial, native and stable in human gastric juice.

Methods: Review of our research on BPC 157 in terms of brain-gut axis.

Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 heals rectovaginal fistula in rats.

Aim: Rectovaginal fistula is a devastating condition providing more than 99% of patients for surgical treatment. We hypothesized that rectovaginal fistula may be healed by therapy with stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157, in consistence with its initial clinical application and effect on external fistulas.

Main Methods: BPC 157 (10μg/kg or 10ng/kg) was given perorally, in drinking water (0.

Visual presentation of a medical physiology seminar modifies dental students' perception of its clinical significance.

Introduction: The primary objective of this study was to assess whether exposing dental students to visual stimuli related to dental profession during the medical physiology seminar could affect their perception of the clinical relevance of the topic.

Subjects And Methods: A self-administered questionnaire on attitudes towards medical physiology was conducted amongst 105 students of the School of Dental Medicine in Zagreb, Croatia, aged 19-24 years (80% females) following a seminar on respiratory system physiology. Power-point presentation accompanying the seminar for a total of 52 students (study group) was enriched with pictures related to dental practice in order to assess whether these pictures could make the topic appear more clinically relevant for a future dentist.

Time-related Changes in pH, Buffering Capacity and Phosphate and Urea Concentration of Stimulated Saliva.

Purpose: To quantify changes in pH, buffering capacity and hydrogen carbonate, phosphate, protein and urea concentrations of stimulated saliva which occur during a 30-min measurement delay after saliva collection. The correlation between time-related chemical changes and changes of salivary pH and buffering capacity was assessed in order to explain the observed changes in salivary pH and buffering capacity.

Materials And Methods: Stimulated saliva samples were collected from 30 volunteers after inducing salivation by chewing a piece of parafilm.

Effect of L-arginine dietary supplementation on salivary urea concentration and pH in physically active individuals.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess if the consumption of 3 g of a commercially available L-arginine dietary supplement causes a postabsorptive rise in urea concentration or pH of unstimulated saliva in a group of physically active individuals.

Methods: Salivary urea and pH were determined for 117 participants in a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled study. Samples were collected by 'spitting' method in fasting conditions.

BPC 157 and blood vessels.

This review focuses on the described effects of BPC 157 on blood vessels after different types of damage, and elucidate by investigating different aspects of vascular response to injury (endothelium damage, clotting, thrombosis, vasoconstriction, vasodilatation, vasculoneogenesis and edema formation) especially in connection to the healing processes. In this respect, BPC 157 was concluded to be the most potent angiomodulatory agent, acting through different vasoactive pathways and systems (e.g.

Intraoral electrostimulator for xerostomia relief: a long-term, multicenter, open-label, uncontrolled, clinical trial.

Objective: A previous sham-controlled multinational study demonstrated the short-term efficacy and safety for xerostomia treatment of an intraoral device that delivers electrostimulation to the lingual nerve. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that those beneficial effects would be sustained over an 11-month period.

Study Design: The device was tested on a mixed sample of 94 patients with xerostomia in an open-label, uncontrolled, prospective multicenter trial.

Efficacy and safety of an intraoral electrostimulation device for xerostomia relief: a multicenter, randomized trial.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of an intraoral electrostimulation device, consisting of stimulating electrodes, an electronic circuit, and a power source, in treating xerostomia. The device delivers electrostimulation through the oral mucosa to the lingual nerve in order to enhance the salivary reflex.

Methods: The device was tested on a sample of patients with xerostomia due to Sjögren's syndrome and other sicca conditions in a 2-stage prospective, randomized, multicenter trial.

[Synovial chondromatosis].

Synovial chondromatosis is an uncommon benign disorder of the synovial membrane ofjoints, tendon sheaths, or bursae characterized by the formation of multiple cartilaginous nodules or osseus loose bodies. It is usually a monoarticular disease, and 33 different localizations have been described until now. The aim of this review article is to present the newest knowledge on the etiology, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and management of synovial chondromatosis.