Decarbonisation of eastern European economies: monitoring, economic, social and security concerns.

Background: Decarbonisation of the European economy is one of the main strategic goals of energy transition in the European Union (EU), which aims to become a leader in this process by 2050 and to include other European countries making thus the European continent the first carbon neutral region in the world. Although decarbonisation is an important goal of the EU, the models for monitoring the progress of this process have not yet been clearly defined, and views on the social, economic, and security implications in terms of prioritising decarbonisation are conflicting. The main objective of this paper is to determine the methodological correctness of the existing method of decarbonisation monitoring, to develop a new monitoring model indicating the differences in the EU and European countries that are non-EU and to point out the underlying social, economic and security implications that must certainly find their place in the decision-making process in this field.

Clinical Benefit of Insulin Glargine 300 U/mL Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Previously Uncontrolled on Basal or Premixed Insulin in Serbia: A Prospective, Observational, Single-Arm, Multicenter, Real-World Study.

Introduction: Insulin glargine 300 U/mL (Gla-300) is a novel glargine formulation which shows slower and more prolonged absorption following subcutaneous administration in comparison to insulin glargine 100 U/mL. In this prospective, observational, single-arm, multicenter, real-world study conducted in Serbia, we evaluated the effectiveness and safety of Gla-300 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) previously inadequately controlled with different basal or premix insulin therapy regimes.

Methods: A total of 350 patients with T2DM were enrolled by 27 physicians, from date of the first patient in (12 December 2017) to the date of last patient completed/last patient out (30 October 2018), from both medical centers and general hospitals.

[Evaluation of the usefulness of suction drainage in the treatment of nonspecific bone infections monitored with C-reactive protein].

Introduction: Irrigation suction drainage (ISD) is an additional method in treatment of infected bones. Two liters of saline solution daily with an antibiotic is usually recommended for ISD, although some authors suggest that more fluid should be used without antibiotics, stressing the importance of the mechanical effect. Although the method is nowadays accepted as a routine procedure, the reported results of ISD are based on treatment of a limited number of patients and the only criteria for assessment have been clinical and bacteriologic findings.

[Factors which have an effect on infections in orthopedic surgery].

In orthopedic reconstructive surgery infection is a fatal complication which compromises not only the functional result and worsens the starting, initial state, but sometimes, endangers the patient's life, especially when it is an elder person. In the literature there are data which state that in orthopedic reconstructive surgery there are certain risk factors, but there are no data about the following: which factors affect the infection incidence and how. It gets even a greater problem because various types of described infections are not well defined as characteristics of certain infections (superficial or deep) and they are not described in the same way by certain authors.

[The value of local administration of antibiotics in treatment of bone infections].

An open, controlled, randomized clinical investigation was carried out in 33 patients suffering from osteomyelitis. In the first group, 17 patients, a through drainage with sterile physiologic solution was applied, while in the second group, 16 patients, antibiotic was added to the sterile physiologic solution. In all patients values of C reactive protein (CRP) in the blood were examined, and later on every third day after the operation.

[Therapy of infected pseudarthroses of the lower leg].

The retrospective study comprised 23 patients with infected pseudoarthrosis after osteosynthesis of of the lower log fracture treated at the Clinic of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology in Novi Sad. Staphylococcus aureus has been the most common causative agent of infection. In all patients debridment of infection foci was performed and reosteosynthesis with the external fixator and in 10 patients spongioplasty was performed in addition.

[Morphologic characteristics and static resistance of transplanted patellar ligaments after replacement of the cruciate ligaments in the knee--an experimental study in a dog].

An experimental study on transplantation validity of patella's ligament, when transplanting front crossed ligament, was performed on 106 knees in 53 grown-up dogs. The investigation had three stages. Three months after the transplantation of the front crossed ligament with the medial third part of the patella's ligament animals were sacrificed and in one group the static resistance and the resistance to elongation, by using special tweezers (Alfred Amsler Co.

[Osteomyelitis after malleolar fractures].

Over a ten-year period, 485 patients suffering from malleous fracture were operated at the Department for Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology in Novi Sad. Postoperative infection appeared in ten cases (2.06%).

[Patellar height in patients with chondromalacia].

A radiogrametric assessment of the patellar height performed by three measurement methods, in the lateral views of radiograms of 136 patients with chondromalacia of the patella was aimed at the establishment of certain parameter values in the studied population and the assessment of the influence the altered patellofemoral ratio has upon the onset of the disease. The results of the study verified the remarkable advantages of the method by Insall and Salvati for the measurement of the patellar height and showed a significant involvement of patellofemoral incongruity in the development of chondromalacia, since in 15-16% of the cases the patella was not properly placed.

[Histologic changes in fascia lata transplants in the replacement of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee in dogs].

Lesions of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee are very frequent misfortune and the results of their suture being insufficient yet, made us to explore the possibility to replace the damaged ligament with the fascia lata as an autologous transplant. Surgical operation was performed on dogs. Instead of the anterior cruciate ligament removed, we used a piece of a rolled fascia lata.

Late results in fractures of the radial head treated by excision.

Late results of radial head excision were studied in 60 patients who had isolated fractures of the radial head. Symptomatic elbows were found in 43% of the patients, osteoarthritis in 52%, and valgus deformity in 30%. Elbow motion was restricted in 63%, and new bone formation at the surgical site was noted in 57% of the patients.

[Humeral fractures complicated by radial nerve lesions].

In the period of 1966-1975 the authors treated 228 patients with a fractures of diaphysis of humerus, 103 of whom underwent surgery; in 36 of them a paralysis of the radial nerve occurred. These 36 patients were divided into two groups: primary lesions (22 cases) which were discovered during hospitalization, and secondary lesions which occurred in postoperative course. The aim of clinical research with the primary lesion (respectively 22 patients) was to ascertain which method would have the best effect.

A study of rheumatoid factors in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (chronic polyarthritis) by the photometric latex test.

The photometric latex test (PLT) for the detection of rheumatoid factors (RF), developed and clinically evaluated in adult rheumatoid arthritis, was applied in a study of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). A total of 40 individuals with JRA, 27 with other collagen diseases and 24 in a control group were examined. The incidence of seropositives by PLT was 50% in JRA, 33% in collagen diseases and 17% in controls.