Caregivers of People With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: Characterizing Social and Psychological Outcomes.

Objective: Little is known about caregiving across the spectrum of cognitive impairment [mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia] and how early life and sociocultural factors affect caregiver health. In this study, we characterized differences between caregivers of those with MCI versus those with dementia.

Methods: A total of 158 caregivers were enrolled in this cross-sectional study, most of whom were dementia caregivers (65%).

Predicting Anxiety and Depression Among Patients With COVID-19 in Concentrated Isolation at Medical Camps in Vietnam: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: This study aims to assess the requirement for anxiety and depression treatment for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in medical camps in Bac Giang province, Vietnam. This information can help improve the government policy to reduce anxiety and depression in patients with COVID-19.

Methods: A total of patients with 427 COVID-19 participated in the survey conducted from 5 to 15 June 2021 in Bac Giang province.

Fenfluramine for seizures associated with Sunflower syndrome.

Aim: To determine the efficacy of fenfluramine on seizure frequency in patients with Sunflower syndrome. Secondary endpoints were changes in electroencephalogram (EEG) characteristics, cognitive functioning, executive functioning, and quality of life.

Method: In this open-label study, patients underwent a 4-week baseline period, followed by 3 months of treatment.

Baseline Assessment of Children's Meals and Healthy Beverage Options Prior to a State-Level Healthy Default Beverage (HDB) Law.

In January 2020, Hawai'i became the second state with a healthy default beverage (HDB) law, requiring restaurants to offer HDBs with their children's meals. This observational study presents baseline characteristics of restaurants with a children's menu and meal. The study describes pre-law beverage options to inform future HDB policy language, implementation, and evaluation.

Positive association between neighborhood retail alcohol outlet access and hospital admissions for alcohol withdrawal syndrome in New Orleans.

We used treatment for alcohol withdrawal syndrome as an objective surrogate marker to investigate the relationship between alcohol-related health outcomes and home neighborhood alcohol outlet density and alcohol advertising density. Mixed effects logistic regression examined whether alcohol outlet density or alcohol advertisement density within either one-quarter mile or one-half mile of individuals' home address was associated with treatment for alcohol withdrawal. Adjusted models showed outlet and advertising density, particularly off-sale outlet density within one-quarter mile of the home, increased the risk of hospital admission for alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AOR = 1.

Insights in Public Health: Development, Implementation, and Evaluation of the Prevent Diabetes, Hawai'i Campaign.

The campaign aimed to increase awareness of prediabetes by encouraging adults to take a Diabetes Risk Test and share the results with their doctors or healthcare providers. The campaign was developed based on social marketing principles, and focus groups were used to inform the marketing mix. Television, radio, digital, and print advertisements featured local actor and comedian Frank De Lima, and a website with an online Diabetes Risk Test and resources for patients and providers were promoted in all advertisements.

CCR5 Signaling Promotes Murine and Human Hematopoietic Regeneration following Ionizing Radiation.

Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) depend on regulatory cytokines from the marrow microenvironment. From an unbiased cytokine screen of murine marrow supernatants, we identified C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) as an endothelial cell-secreted hematopoietic growth factor. Following treatment with CCL5, hematopoietic regeneration is accelerated and survival is prolonged after radiation.

Role of KASH domain lengths in the regulation of LINC complexes.

The linker of the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex is formed by the conserved interactions between Sad-1 and UNC-84 (SUN) and Klarsicht, ANC-1, SYNE homology (KASH) domain proteins, providing a physical coupling between the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton that mediates the transfer of physical forces across the nuclear envelope. The LINC complex can perform distinct cellular functions by pairing various KASH domain proteins with the same SUN domain protein. For example, in , SUN protein UNC-84 binds to two KASH proteins UNC-83 and ANC-1 to mediate nuclear migration and anchorage, respectively.

Magnitude of Therapeutic STING Activation Determines CD8 T Cell-Mediated Anti-tumor Immunity.

Intratumoral (IT) STING activation results in tumor regression in preclinical models, yet factors dictating the balance between innate and adaptive anti-tumor immunity are unclear. Here, clinical candidate STING agonist ADU-S100 (S100) is used in an IT dosing regimen optimized for adaptive immunity to uncover requirements for a T cell-driven response compatible with checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs). In contrast to high-dose tumor ablative regimens that result in systemic S100 distribution, low-dose immunogenic regimens induce local activation of tumor-specific CD8 effector T cells that are responsible for durable anti-tumor immunity and can be enhanced with CPIs.

Insights in Public Health: Data Highlights from the Hawai'i Youth Risk Behavior Survey: Links Between Academic Achievement and Health Behaviors.

The Youth Risk Behavior Survey is administered biennially in odd years to public middle and high school students in Hawai'i. Data highlights are presented from Hawaii's 2017 high school survey results to enhance understanding of the relationship between health and academic achievement. This article reviews a select set of health-risk behaviors and their association with academic grades for Hawai'i public school students.

Molecular Insights into the Mechanisms of SUN1 Oligomerization in the Nuclear Envelope.

The LINC complex is found in a wide variety of organisms and is formed by the transluminal interaction between outer- and inner-nuclear-membrane KASH and SUN proteins, respectively. Most extensively studied are SUN1 and SUN2 proteins, which are widely expressed in mammals. Although SUN1 and SUN2 play functionally redundant roles in several cellular processes, more recent studies have revealed diverse and distinct functions for SUN1.

Palliative treatment for advanced biliary adenocarcinomas with combination dimethyl sulfoxide-sodium bicarbonate infusion and S-adenosyl-L-methionine.

Adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder and cholangiocarcinoma account for 4% and 3%, respectively, of all gastrointestinal cancers. Advanced biliary tract carcinoma has a very poor prognosis with all current available modalities of treatment. In this pilot open-label study, the authors investigated the efficacy and safety of a combination of dimethyl sulfoxide-sodium bicarbonate (DMSO-SB) infusion and S-adenosyl-L-methionine (ademetionine) oral supplementation as palliative pharmacotherapy in nine patients with advanced nonresectable biliary tract carcinomas (ABTCs).

Comparison of phenotypic and functional dendritic cells derived from human umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Dendritic cells (DC) are important accessory cells that are capable of initiating an immune response. Generation of functional DC has potential clinical use in treating diseases such as cancer. In this report, we have demonstrated the generation of functional DC from mononuclear cells isolated from human umbilical cord blood cells (UCBC) and peripheral blood cells (PBC) using a defined medium Prime Complete Growth Medium (PCGM) (GenePrime LLC, Gaithersburg, MD).

Increased cytotoxicity against B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia by cellular manipulations: potentials for therapeutic use.

B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by profound immune dysfunction and a marked resistance to apoptosis. Understanding the cellular biology of immune effector cells from CLL patients as well as leukemic target cells is essential to developing immune mediated therapeutic strategies for CLL. In this study, an immortal CLL cell line called WSU-CLL has been used to study the characteristics of B-cell CLL as a tumor target for natural killer (NK), activated natural killer, and lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells.