Publications by authors named "Vu Ngo"

Article Synopsis
  • Immunocompromised individuals face a higher risk of prolonged SARS-CoV-2 infections and severe COVID-19, raising concerns about the effectiveness of late-onset antiviral treatments.
  • In a study using an immunocompromised mouse model, it was found that early treatments like nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (paxlovid) or molnupiravir were only moderately effective, while the experimental drug 4'-fluorouridine (4'-FlU) showed significant benefits in reducing viral load.
  • Late-onset direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapies were shown to effectively shorten the duration of viral replication in immunocompromised hosts, suggesting potential clinical applications to reduce severe disease risks in vulnerable
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Background & Aims: The protection provided by rotavirus (RV) vaccines is highly heterogeneous among individuals. We hypothesized that microbiota composition might influence RV vaccine efficacy.

Methods: First, we examined the potential of segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) colonization to influence RV vaccine efficacy in mice.

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Background & Aims: The extent to which live orally-administered rotavirus (RV) vaccines elicit protective immunity is highly heterogeneous. We hypothesized microbiota composition might influence vaccine efficacy.

Methods: We tested this concept by examining extent to which colonizing mice with segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) influenced RV vaccine efficacy.

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Unlabelled: The immunocompromised are at high risk of prolonged SARS-CoV-2 infection and progression to severe COVID-19. However, efficacy of late-onset direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy with therapeutics in clinical use and experimental drugs to mitigate persistent viral replication is unclear. In this study, we employed an immunocompromised mouse model, which supports prolonged replication of SARS-CoV-2 to explore late-onset treatment options.

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Interleukin (IL)-22 promotes host-microbiota homeostasis. We sought to identify microbiota metabolite(s) that drive intestinal IL-22 production. We observed that exposing Peyer's patch cells (PPCs), ex vivo, to fecal supernatants (FSs) recapitulates fermentable fiber- and microbiota-dependent IL-22 production, and cellular sources thereof, thus supporting the use of this model.

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The use of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors such as ibrutinib achieves a remarkable clinical response in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Acquired drug resistance, however, is significant and affects long-term survival of MCL patients. Here, we demonstrate that DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) is involved in ibrutinib resistance.

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Susceptibility to respiratory virus infections (RVIs) varies widely across individuals. Because the gut microbiome impacts immune function, we investigated the influence of intestinal microbiota composition on RVI and determined that segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB), naturally acquired or exogenously administered, protected mice against influenza virus (IAV) infection. Such protection, which also applied to respiratory syncytial virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was independent of interferon and adaptive immunity but required basally resident alveolar macrophages (AMs).

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Antibiotic-free approaches are more important than ever to address the rapidly growing problem of the antibiotic resistance crisis. The photolysis of the bacterial virulence factor staphyloxanthin using blue light at 460 nm (BL460 nm) has been found to effectively attenuate to chemical and physical agents. However, phototherapy using BL640 nm still needs to be investigated in detail for its safety in eradicating in vitro and in vivo.

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Unlabelled: Susceptibility to respiratory virus infections (RVIs) varies widely across individuals. Because the gut microbiome impacts immune function, we investigated the influence of intestinal microbiota composition on RVI and determined that segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB), naturally acquired or exogenously administered, protected mice against influenza virus (IAV) infection. Such protection, which also applied to respiratory syncytial virus and SARS-CoV-2, was independent of interferon and adaptive immunity but required basally resident alveolar macrophages (AM).

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How the locus-specificity of epigenetic modifications is regulated remains an unanswered question. A contributing mechanism is that epigenetic enzymes are recruited to specific loci by DNA binding factors recognizing particular sequence motifs (referred to as epi-motifs). Using these motifs to predict biological outputs depending on local epigenetic state such as somatic mutation rates would confirm their functionality.

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The use of Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as ibrutinib, to block B-cell receptor signaling has achieved a remarkable clinical response in several B-cell malignancies, including mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Acquired drug resistance, however, is significant and affects the long-term survival of these patients. Here, we demonstrate that the transcription factor early growth response gene 1 (EGR1) is involved in ibrutinib resistance.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates the regulation of histone biogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster, focusing on the histone locus body (HLB) where regulatory factors are concentrated, although few are known to interact with DNA directly.
  • By mapping existing ChIP datasets, the researchers identified several novel transcription factor candidates that may regulate the histone gene array, including Drosophila Hox proteins and various general transcription factors.
  • This research not only highlights new potential factors influencing histone biogenesis but also showcases the usefulness of publicly available datasets for future screening and analysis.
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Impacts of dietary fiber on intestinal inflammation are complex, but some specific semi-purified fibers, particularly psyllium, can protect humans and rodents against colitis. Mechanisms underlying such protection are not fully understood but may involve activation of the FXR bile acid receptor. Obesity and its associated consequences, referred to as metabolic syndrome, are associated with, and promoted by, low-grade inflammation in a variety of tissues including the intestine.

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This study uses experiments and surveys from 146 participants who participated in equity trading to explore the predictive power of the Big-five personality traits, social behaviours, along with self-attribution and demographic characteristics on trading performance. Interestingly, we found that investors who are more open and neurotic gain higher returns compared to the market benchmark. We also found that other social traits are associated with the effectiveness of stock trading, such as awareness of social and ethical virtues (fairness and politeness).

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Article Synopsis
  • Although childhood B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) has an over 80% survival rate, the prognosis drops to 30% for older or relapsed patients, necessitating better treatments.
  • This study identifies the TET1 protein, which is overexpressed in B-ALL and functions as an oncogene, as it can transform normal B cells into leukemia in mice.
  • Targeting TET1 signaling through pharmacological inhibitors shows promise in reducing B-ALL cell viability and progression, particularly when combined with other treatments like AZD0156 and vincristine.
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Background & Aims: Fiber-rich foods promote health, but mechanisms by which they do so remain poorly defined. Screening fiber types, in mice, revealed psyllium had unique ability to ameliorate 2 chronic inflammatory states, namely, metabolic syndrome and colitis. We sought to determine the mechanism of action of the latter.

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Prevention of rotavirus (RV) infection by gut-resident segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) is an example of the influence of gut microbiota composition on enteric viral infection. Yet, the mechanism by which SFB prevents RV infection is poorly understood. A recent report that SFB colonization of germfree mice generates retinoic acid (RA) thus activating RA receptor (RAR) signaling, which protected against Citrobacter rodentium infection, prompted us to investigate whether this pathway might contribute to SFB's protection against RV infection.

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Cells orchestrate histone biogenesis with strict temporal and quantitative control. To efficiently regulate histone biogenesis, the repetitive replication-dependent histone genes are arrayed and clustered at a single locus. Regulatory factors concentrate in a nuclear body known as the histone locus body (HLB), which forms around the locus.

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Diet, especially fiber content, plays an important role in sustaining a healthy gut microbiota, which promotes intestinal and metabolic health. Another major determinant of microbiota composition is the specific microbes that are acquired early in life, especially maternally. Consequently, we hypothesized that alterations in maternal diet during lactation might lastingly impact the microbiota composition and health status of offspring.

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In this study, the kinetic degradation of several typical organic pollutants was performed on a synthetic electrode (Ti/SnO-Sb/Co-βPbO). The surface structure and the electrochemical properties of the prepared electrode were investigated, confirming the successful preparation of the electrode using an electrochemical deposition method. The outer layer (Co-βPbO) played an important role in reducing the resistance of the electrode and improving its degradation efficiency.

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Background: Since vaccination is the decisive factor for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to understand the process of vaccination success which is not well understood on a global level. The study is the first to judge the now completed "first wave" of the vaccination efforts. The analysis is very relevant for the understanding why and where the vaccination process observed got stuck by the end of 2021.

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In this data article, a collection of 11,625,887 tweets on the topic of the COVID-19 pandemic are provided. The data from Twitter were collected through Twitter API from January 2020 to June 2020. In addition, we also provided subsets of tweets containing discourses on both COVID-19 and financial topics.

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