Carrot-Derived Rhamnogalacturonan-I Consistently Increases the Microbial Production of Health-Promoting Indole-3-Propionic Acid Ex Vivo.

Background: Using dietary interventions to steer the metabolic output of the gut microbiota towards specific health-promoting metabolites is often challenging due to interpersonal variation in treatment responses.

Methods: In this study, we combined the ex vivo SIFR (Systemic Intestinal Fermentation Research) technology with untargeted metabolite profiling to investigate the impact of carrot-derived rhamnogalacturonan-I (cRG-I) on ex vivo metabolite production by the gut microbiota of 24 human adults.

Results: The findings reveal that at a dose equivalent to 1.

Analysis of immune cell activation in patients with diabetes foot ulcer from the perspective of single cell.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) can cause severe complications, including diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). There is a significant gap in understanding the single-cell ecological atlas of DM and DFU tissues.

Methods: Single-cell RNA sequencing data were used to create a detailed single-cell ecological landscape of DM and DFU.

The membrane-associated ubiquitin ligase MARCHF8 promotes cancer immune evasion by degrading MHC class I proteins.

Unlabelled: The loss of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules has been proposed as a mechanism by which cancer cells evade tumor-specific T cells in immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-refractory patients. Nevertheless, the mechanism by which cancer cells downregulate MHC-I is poorly understood. We report here that membrane-associated RING-CH-type finger 8 (MARCHF8), upregulated by human papillomavirus (HPV), ubiquitinates and degrades MHC-I proteins in HPV-positive head and neck cancer (HPV+ HNC).

Comparative Analysis of Indices for Social Determinants of Health in Pediatric Surgical Populations.

Importance: Conclusions vary substantially among studies examining associations between area-based social determinants of health (SDOH) and pediatric health disparities based on the selected patient population and SDOH index. Most national studies use zip codes, which encompass a wide distribution of communities, limiting the generalizability of findings.

Objectives: To characterize the distributions of composite SDOH indices for pediatric surgical patients within a national sample of academic children's hospitals and to assess SDOH index precision in classifying patients at similar levels of disadvantage.

An Insidious Case of Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis Secondary to Pauci-Immune Crescentic Glomerulonephritis.

Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) is a severe type of nephritic syndrome that involves progressive loss of kidney function and can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. RPGN has many etiologies, of which pauci-immune crescenting glomerulonephritis (PICGN) is the most common; however, patients often present with nonspecific symptoms, which can lead to a delay in diagnosis and treatment. We describe one such case that was correctly identified only after multiple clinic and hospital encounters.

Another new species of Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1927 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) of the angularis group from the karstic landscape of Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, central Vietnam.

The Phong Nha-Ke Bang (PNKB National Park in the Central Highlands of Vietnam is a bastion for the protection and conservation of Vietnam's natural heritage. Thus, the discovery of yet another new species of Cyrtodactylus, C. hangvaensis sp.

Promoting Resident Education Priorities With an Acute Care Surgery Service Dashboard.

Objective: To advance surgical education priorities by using electronic health record (EHR) reporting and data visualization on an Acute Care Surgery (ACS).

Design: Operational data from the EHR for the ACS service was displayed on an ACS dashboard using Tableau software. This data included new ACS consults (reason for consult, consult note author - attending surgeon and resident) and operations generated by those consults (type of operation, primary attending surgeon, and assisting resident).

Predicting severe COVID-19 using readily available admission indicators: SpO2/FiO2 ratio, comorbidity index, and gender.

The focus of this study was to identify risk factors for severe and critical COVID-19, evaluate local respiratory immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and develop a prognostic tool for COVID-19 severity using accessible early indicators. Using nasopharyngeal swab samples from hospitalized patients with COVID-19 of varying severity during the first wave of the pandemic from March to May 2020 in Louisiana, we evaluated the association between COVID-19 severity and viral load, respiratory immune mediators, and demographic/clinical factors. We found that the SpO/FiO ratio at triage, total comorbidity burden (represented by Charlson Comorbidity Index), and gender were significantly associated with COVID-19 severity.

Transcriptional reprogramming primes CD8+ T cells toward exhaustion in Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome.

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME) is a severe, debilitating disease, with substantial evidence pointing to immune dysregulation as a key contributor to pathophysiology. To characterize the gene regulatory state underlying T cell dysregulation in ME, we performed multiomic analysis across T cell subsets by integrating single-cell RNA-seq, RNA-seq, and ATAC-seq and further analyzed CD8+ T cell subpopulations following symptom provocation. Specific subsets of CD8+ T cells, as well as certain innate T cells, displayed the most pronounced dysregulation in ME.

Stomatal opening under high temperatures is controlled by the OST1-regulated TOT3-AHA1 module.

Plants continuously respond to changing environmental conditions to prevent damage and maintain optimal performance. To regulate gas exchange with the environment and to control abiotic stress relief, plants have pores in their leaf epidermis, called stomata. Multiple environmental signals affect the opening and closing of these stomata.

The glycosyltransferase ST3GAL4 drives immune evasion in acute myeloid leukemia by synthesizing ligands for the glyco-immune checkpoint receptor Siglec-9.

Immunotherapy has demonstrated promise as a treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, there is still an urgent need to identify new molecules that inhibit the immune response to AML. Most prior research in this area has focused on protein-protein interaction interfaces.

Ultrasound Screening of Achilles Tendon, Patellar Tendon, and Plantar Fascia for Pain Development in Collegiate Athletes: A Multi-institutional Prospective Evaluation.

Background: Diagnostic ultrasound can evaluate musculoskeletal structures for abnormalities that correlate with tendinopathy and fasciopathy. Previous literature suggests that sonographic screening of tendons and fascia can identify structures that are at risk for developing pain, although this has not been evaluated in collegiate athletes competing in a variety of sports.

Purpose: To evaluate the use of ultrasound for screening the patellar tendon, Achilles tendon, and plantar fascia for time-loss injury in collegiate athletes during a full year.

Occupational accidents among rice farmers in Northern Vietnam.

This study investigated the rate of agricultural occupational accidents among rice farmers in rural Northern Vietnam and identified factors associated with these accidents. A cross-sectional study was conducted on rice farmers in rural Thai Binh province, Northern Vietnam. A multi-stage random sampling method was used to select 1,171 rice farmers from six communes.

A novel PhoPQ-potentiated mechanism of colistin resistance impairs membrane integrity in .

Polymicrobial communities are often recalcitrant to antibiotic treatment because interactions between different microbes can dramatically alter their responses and susceptibility to antimicrobials. However, the mechanisms of evolving antimicrobial resistance in such polymicrobial environments are poorly understood. We previously reported that Mg depletion caused by the fungus can enable to acquire significant resistance to colistin, a last-resort antibiotic targeting bacterial membrane.

Emerging interactions between RNA methylation and chromatin architecture.

Epitranscriptomics, the study of chemical modifications of RNA molecules, is increasingly recognized as an important component of gene expression regulation. While the majority of research has focused on N-methyladenosine (mA) RNA methylation on mRNAs, emerging evidence has revealed that the mA modification extends beyond mRNAs to include chromatin-associated RNAs (caRNAs). CaRNAs constitute an important class of RNAs characterized by their interaction with the genome and epigenome.

MAIT Cells in the Bone Marrow of Patients with Aplastic Anemia.

Mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAIT cells) are a subset of T cells with innate, effector-like properties that play an essential role in the immune response to microbial infections. In humans, MAIT cells are detectable in the blood, liver, and lungs, but little is known about the frequency of these cells in the bone marrow. Also, the pathogenic role, if any, of MAIT cells in the development of aplastic anemia, a disease with an exquisite origin in the bone marrow, is currently unknown.

Cilia defects upon loss of WDR4 are linked to proteasomal hyperactivity and ubiquitin shortage.

The WD repeat-containing protein 4 (WDR4) has repeatedly been associated with primary microcephaly, a condition of impaired brain and skull growth. Often, faulty centrosomes cause microcephaly, yet aberrant cilia may also be involved. Here, we show using a combination of approaches in human fibroblasts, zebrafish embryos and patient-derived cells that WDR4 facilitates cilium formation.

Incident Epilepsy Among US Medicare Beneficiaries, 2019: Differences by Age, Sex, and Race/Ethnicity.

Background And Objectives: Epilepsy is common among older adults, but previous incident studies have had limited ability to make comparisons across key subgroups. We aimed to provide updated epilepsy incidence estimates among older adults, comparing across age, sex, and race/ethnicity.

Methods: Using a random sample of 4,999,999 US Medicare beneficiaries older than 65 years, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of epilepsy incidence using administrative claims for 2016-2019.

Prostate-specific antigen testing patterns and prostate cancer stage at diagnosis in older Ohio cancer patients.

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) screening recommendations do not support prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening for older men. Such screening often occurs, however. It is, therefore, important to understand how frequently and among which subgroups screening occurs, and the extent of distant stage PCa diagnoses among screened older men.

HPTLC sequentially coupled to UV and SERS: A cost-effective tool for confirmative identification and quantitation of sildenafil in falsified herbal products.

The detection of falsified drugs usually requires multi-disciplinary analysis for confirmative identification. Among hyphenated techniques with high specificity detection, thin-layer chromatography coupled with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TLC-SERS) is an efficient choice, especially for herbal products with diversified matrix. In this study, HPTLC was coupled to two detection techniques: UV absorption and Raman scattering with silver colloid enhancement for the analysis of sildenafil adulterated in herbal products.

Cultivation in long-term simulated microgravity is detrimental to pyocyanin production and subsequent biofilm formation ability of .

Unlabelled: forms aggregates known as biofilms. Previous studies have shown that when is cultivated in space, thicker and structurally different biofilms are formed than from those grown on Earth. We investigated how microgravity, simulated in a laboratory setting, influenced the growth, colonization, and virulence potentials of a PA14 wild-type strain, as well as two surface attachment-defective () mutants altered at crucial biofilm-forming steps: and .

Health-related quality of life among inpatients suffering from Traumatic brain injury in an urban setting in Vietnam.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally. This study aimed to measure the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of TBI patients in Vietnam and evaluate the associated factors.

Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted in Thai Binh, Vietnam, from February to September 2020.

Study on the temporal and spatial distribution of Culex mosquitoes in Hanoi, Vietnam.

Arboviruses transmitted by mosquitoes, including Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), present a substantial global health threat. JEV is transmitted by mosquitoes in the genus Culex, which are common in both urban and rural areas in Vietnam. In 2020, we conducted a 1-year survey of Culex mosquito abundance in urban, suburban, and peri-urban areas of Hanoi using CDC-light traps.