[Systemic control of the molecular, cell, and epigenetic mechanisms of long-lasting consequences of stress].

Based on M.E. Lobashev's views of the systemic control of genetic and cytogeneitc processes and a substantial effect of excitability on plastic changes in the central nervous system (CNS), the effect of prolonged emotional and pain stress (PEPS) on the molecular, cell, and epigenetic mechanisms of injury memory was studied in rat strains bred for a certain excitability of the nervous system.

[Morpho-functional changes in the frog urinary bladder receptors under the influence of barbiturates].

The effect of hexenal and nembutal on the tissue bushy receptors was studied the living isolated frog urinary bladder using methylene blue staining. These drugs were shown to induce the changes in the receptor pulse activity which included three phases: an initial sharp increase, an abrupt decline and a low protracted plateau. Reactions to hexenal and nembutal, while possessing some common features, had their own peculiarities.

Neuron density in the hippocampus in rat strains with contrasting nervous system excitability after prolonged emotional-pain stress.

A model system consisting of two rat strains bred for nervous system excitability in response to electric shocks was used to study changes in the number density of neurons in hippocampal field CA3 at 24 h, two weeks, and two and six months after prolonged emotional-pain stress (PEPS). Neuron density in hippocampal field CA3 decreased after completion of PEPS. These changes arose at different time points in the different rat strains (one day for low-excitability rats, two months for high-excitability rats) and persisted to six months.

[Numerical density of neurons in the hippocampus of rat lines contrasting in excitability of the nervous system exposed to prolonged emotional painful stress].

Two lines of rats, selected according to the excitability of nervous system to the action of an electric current, served as the model objects to study the changes of numerical density of neurons in hippocampus area CA3 24 hours, 2 weeks, 2 and 6 months after prolonged exposure to emotional painful stress. Reduction of neuron density in hippocampus area CA3 was demonstrated after exposure to stress that persisted as long as 6 months. These changes developed following time intervals that were different for each line of rats (24 hours for rats with low excitability and 2 month--for rats with high excitability).

[Branched form of the encapsulated dermal receptors in rats].

Using electron microscope the receptors found in the zone of highest receptor sensitivity in the skin fold at the base of IV finger of rat hind limb were studied. These receptors are represented by complex incapsulated corpuscles consisting of a group of small endings similar to Pacinian corpuscles, which are densely packed and surrounded by a common connective tissue capsule. Each single primary receptor is provided with an unmyelinated receptor terminal, analogue of internal bulb, and a multilayered external bulb.

[Metallophilia in the Ranvier's nodes of nerve fibers in rats of different strains (histochemical study)].

Myelinated nerve fibers formed by the processes of LV spinal ganglion neurons were studied in two lines of rats selected according to high and low thresholds of nerve system excitability to electric current. Before ultrastructural study the fibres have been treated with potassium pyroantimonate. It was demonstrated that specific dense precipitate was deposited in the nodes of Ranvier of the nerve fibers of rats with low excitability thresholds; this precipitate was not found in the fibers of rats with high thresholds.

Effect of prenatal stress on proliferative activity and chromosome aberrations in embryo brain in rats with different excitability of the nervous system.

Stress during pregnancy affects the morphogenesis of embryonal brain, its structural and functional characteristics, and behavior of the progeny. Genetic mechanisms of this process remain unclear. Cytogenetic characteristics of neuroblasts were analyzed in 17-18-day embryos of rats selected by threshold excitability of the nervous system in health and after emotional painful stress during the third trimester of pregnancy.

Proliferative activity and characteristics of the structural-functional organization of the chromosomes in cells of the developing brain, related to the genetically determined excitability of the nervous system in rats.

This report describes the results of a comparative genetic analysis of the proliferation activity, level of chromosomal aberrations, and the state of interphase chromatin in nerve cells from the developing brains of rat embryos from lines with nervous systems of different excitation thresholds. A relationship between the basal level of nervous system excitability and these cytogenetic characteristics was found. Higher values were seen in embryos of the high-threshold line VP1, as compared with the low-threshold line NP1.

[Proliferative activity and structure-functional organization of chromosomes in cells from the developing brain in respect to genetically determined excitability of the rat nervous system].

Neuroblasts of developing hippocampus of 16-17-day old rat embryo of the line with high threshold excitability are characterised by a high level of proliferative activity and chromosome aberration, as well as high degree of brain chromatin concentration as compared with embryos of a line with low threshold excitability.

[Ultrastructure of nerve endings of varying function in the wall of the frog urinary bladder].

Sensory and effector nerve endings were presented at ultrastructural level. Four morphological types of receptor terminals were identified that vary in peculiarities of neurilemma, organelle composition, matrix structure etc. These types were suggested to be ultrastructural equivalents for different functional states.

[Ultrastructural changes in the encapsulated nerve endings of the tibial nerve under the action of diethyl ether in 2 strains of rats selected for their threshold of nervous system excitability].

Ultrastructure of tibial nerve receptor endings was studied in two rat lines different in the threshold of the nerve excitation after decapitation and euthanasia with diethyl ether use. Interlinear diversities of shape and parameters of receptor endings and their mitochondria were established. The results obtained indicate different reactivity of rats varying in genetically determined nervous system excitation threshold to tissue respiration decrease and oxygen insufficiency on ultramicroscopic levels.

Morphological and electrophysiological peculiarities of sensory bush-like receptors of the frog urinary bladder.

Results of synchronous morpho-electrophysiological experiments conducted on living bush-like receptors of the urinary bladder of a frog (Rana temporaria) and results of their ultrastructural and cytochemical studies are presented in this article. It is demonstrated that these endings are mechanical receptors reacting to tactile stimuli. Rapidly and slowly adapting units are registered.

[Structural-functional and metabolic changes in the nervous system in low- and high-excitable rats deprived of paradoxical sleep].

Studying of the influence of 24-hour deprivation of paradoxical sleep phase (PSPh) on rats with different genetically determined levels of excitability of the nervous system allowed to establish: 1) significant changes in functional state of the central part of the nervous system responsible for elaboration and preservation of defensive conditioned reflexes; 2) considerable lowering of functional state of the peripheral nervous system expressed both in a decrease of tibial nerve excitability thresholds and in changing of morpho-tinctorial characteristics of the studied nerve receptor parameters. The degree of the observed effects of PSPh deprivation is dependent on animal line belonging.

[Myoneural contacts in the frog bladder wall].

Ultrastructural interrelations of myocytes with efferent axons have been studied in the wall of the frog urinary bladder. Structural peculiarities of axons making contacts and of those not making contacts with smooth myocytes have been revealed. Two forms of the myoaxonal contacts have been discovered: without axon plunging into cytoplasm of the myocyte and with plunging into it.

Ultrastructural changes in receptor terminals on prolonged action by local anesthetics.

We have studied ultrastructural changes in the terminal plates of the bushy receptors in the frog urinary bladder after exposure for two hours to 0.05% novocaine solution and for one hour to 0.05 dicaine and trimecaine solution.

[Electron microscopic study of the interrelations of the bush-like receptor terminals with the tissue].

A study was made of the ultrastructure of elements linking the bush-like receptors with tissues of the frog bladder. It is demonstrated that the connection is realized mainly by collagen fibres, whose dense and irregular net is branching the nervous terminals. Besides, a dense contact has been found between the terminals and epithelial cells without any layer of collagen fibres.

[Functional restructuring of the bush-like receptor during the suppression of anaerobic glycolysis].

The bush-like receptors of frog's bladder have been investigated simultaneously by vital microscopic, and spectrophotometric studies and registration of biopotentials. It is demonstrated that electrogenic function of receptors is suppressed by monoiodacetate and anoxia more rapidly than without monoiodacetate. At the same time reducing of methylene blue into receptors is accelerated.

[Morphophysiological characteristics of bushy interoceptors].

The survey of the existing morphological and physiological classifications of the bushy interoceptors is presented. Dependence of adaptive properties of the receptors on their structure is demonstrated. The bushy receptors can be both quickly- and slowly-adapting: Their adaptive properties evidently depend on viscous-elastic peculiarities of the surrounding tissues.

[Metabolic, electrophysiological and structural effects of dicaine and trimecaine on tissue bushy receptors].

By means of a complex technique, including electrophysiological control, vital microscopy, cytophotometry and electron microscopy, reaction of the tissue bushy receptors of the frog urinary bladder to the effect of 0.05% solution of tetracaine hydrochloride (TeH) and trimecaine hydrochloride (TrH) has been investigated. Together with fading afferent impulse activity, the level of restorative equivalents increases sharply; this demonstrates that the anaesthetics influence not only plasmolemma but cytosol of the terminal.

[Ultrastructural changes of receptor endings in prolonged action of local anesthetics].

Ultrastructural changes of the terminal plates of the bushy receptors in the frog urinary bladder have been studied after two hours' exposition in 0.05% novocaine solution and one hour's exposition in 0.05% dicaine and trimecaine solution.

[Heterogeneity of the morpho-functional organization of bushy interoceptors as one of the factors of their resistance].

Bush interoceptors reveal their obvious heterogeneity of morphofunctional organization through non-standard responses of their units and elements to adequate and extreme irritants, the responses involving different degree of receptor resistance upon change of ionic power and in anoxia, and non-standard spikes of biopotentials. The morpho-functional heterogeneity of bush receptors seems to enlarge considerably the scope of adequate responses of reflexogenic areas to stimuli, thus raising the functional resistance of sensory system in unfavourable conditions.

[Morphologic differences in the cutaneous receptors of low- and high-excitability lines of rats].

By means of methylene blue staining of the rat plantar skin, receptor terminals in lines with low- and high-excitability have been revealed with a subsequent morphometric and cytophotometric estimation of the dye sorption degree. Divergence of the signs at selection according to excitability of the nervous-muscular apparatus is spreading to the peripheral nervous system elements, affecting its structural and tinctorial indices. In rats with low threshold of excitability increasing size of the receptor plates and areas of the receptors division is observed in comparison to the animals with high threshold of excitability.

[Tissue receptor reaction to transient anoxia in the absence of glucose].

Under conditions of anoxia for 15 min and at glucose absence in the incubation medium, the frog urinary bladder receptors loose their ability to generation of spikes much quickly, than under the same conditions, but in glucose presence. Sorption of vital dye (methylene blue) by the terminals sharply decrease up to a complete their inability to be stained. After glucose is injected, this ability is partly restored.