Neotropical Melyroidea group cockroaches reveal various degrees of (eu)sociality.

Eusociality in its various degrees represents an animal social system characterised by cooperative brood care, differentiation into castes and generational overlap. The fossil record indicates that eusociality is likely to have originated in hymenopterans and blattodeans during the Cretaceous. In this study, we present findings from surveys in Peruvian (Villa Carmen) and Ecuadorian (Rio Bigal, El Reventador) cloud forests revealing the first extant cockroach species living in complex, structured groups (n = 90-200 individuals, ˃ 20 adults).

New genus and species of cavernicolous cockroach (Blattaria, Nocticolidae) from Vietnam.

The new, small cavernicolous species Helmablatta louisrothi gen. et sp. n.

Origin of origami cockroach reveals long-lasting (11 Ma) phenotype instability following viviparity.

Viviparity evolved in bacteria, plants, ˃141 vertebrate lineages (ichthyosaurs, lizards, fishes, mammals, and others), and in 11 of 44 insect orders. Live-birth cockroaches preserved with brood sac (3D recovered two times optically) included Diploptera vladimir, Diploptera savba, Diploptera gemini spp.n.

Cockroaches probably cleaned up after dinosaurs.

Dinosaurs undoubtedly produced huge quantities of excrements. But who cleaned up after them? Dung beetles and flies with rapid development were rare during most of the Mesozoic. Candidates for these duties are extinct cockroaches (Blattulidae), whose temporal range is associated with herbivorous dinosaurs.

Paleocene origin of the cockroach families Blaberidae and Corydiidae: Evidence from Amur River region of Russia.

Morphna paleo sp. n., the earliest winged representative of any living cockroach genus and the earliest representative of the family Blaberidae, is described from the Danian Arkhara-Boguchan coal mine in the Amur River region (Russian Far East).

Light-mimicking cockroaches indicate Tertiary origin of recent terrestrial luminescence.

Bioluminescence is a common feature of the communication and defence of marine organisms, but this phenomenon is highly restricted in the terrestrial biota. Here, we present a geographical distribution of only the third order of luminescent insects--luminescent cockroaches, with all 13 known and/or herein reported new living species (based on deposited specimens). We show that, for the first time, photo-characteristics of three examined species are nearly identical with those of toxic luminescent click beetles, which they mimic.

An exceptional type of anorectal malformation: anorectal atresia with posterior fistula in a newborn male.

The authors report the case of a newborn male with an exceptional type of anorectal atresia with a fistula that passes posterior to the muscle complex and exits at a site just to the tip of the coccyx. This anorectal malformation was associated with other abnormalities including agenesis of the right kidney, pyelic dilatation of the left kidney, duplicity, and left megaureter. There was no defect in the spine.

Peutz-Jeghers colonic tumour in a newborn.

The authors refer a case report of the Peutz-Jeghers tumour localised in transverse colon found during a systematic clinical examination of the 4-day-old newborn, without any signs of intestinal occlusion. The end-to-end colic resection was made. Post-operative course was without any complications.

[Role of laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of abdominal pain in children].

Principal indications of the coelioscopy in pediatric surgery is the laparoscopic appendectomy. In compare with classic techniques it has several advantages but as well as some limitations. During decision about eventual laparoscopic intervention in children is important to take into the consideration personal and material facilities of the unit or hospital for pediatric coelioscopic interventions, their accessibility as well as longer operating time and higher price of the operation.

Flexible stable intramedullary pinning technique in the treatment of pediatric fractures.

We report our 12 years' experience with the treatment of 308 fractures of the long bones in children using the flexible stable intramedullary pinning technique (FSIMP). This technique is a simple, rapid, and reliable procedure with minimal complications. It assures correct reposition and sufficient stable fixation of fragments, needs only small incisions, and most of all, allowed early mobilization of a child, thus avoiding long hospitalization and permitting his rapid normal activity and return to the school.

[Embryological study of the mechanism of antenatal lower urinary tract obstruction].

Closure of the embryonic bladder based on the results of the study of 25 human embryos (Crown-Rump length: 5mm-60mm) and 8 Born's reconstructions, is presented. It is a complex but well regulated stage of organogenesis. Division of the cloaca depends on caudal regression, development of the genital tubercle and growth of the urorectal fold which joins the cloacal membrane.

Principal modifications of the Duhamel procedure in the treatment of Hirschsprung's disease. Analysis based on results of an international retrospective study of 2,430 patients.

In the literature, many articles refer to the DUHAMEL technique or some of its modifications in the treatment of Hirschsprung's disease, however, no complete review of all of them has been published to date. The authors present an analysis of the principal modifications of this technique based on the results of an international retrospective survey that evaluated a series of 2,430 patients as well as data from the literature. The important role of the internal anal sphincter in the physiology of continence is emphasized; understanding its function is an imperative prerequisite for a successful Duhamel procedure.

Duhamel operation 40 years after: a multicentric study.

The authors present the results of an international retrospective study evaluating the present situation in using Duhamel's technique or its modifications in the treatment of Hirschsprung's disease on the basis a series of 2430 patients. After evaluation of all important criteria and discussion with data from the literature it is concluded that the techniques is simple, fast, less shocking, logical, reliable, respecting the rectal anatomy and physiology, ingenious in its principle, without serious complications. The rectum is preserved in place with all its vascular drainage and innervation.

Incarcerated umbilical hernia in children.

Over a period of 5 years, four cases of incarcerated (one strangulated) umbilical hernia (UH) in children were observed and treated in Saint-Denis, France. In a review of the literature, only 45 descriptions of complicated UHs in children were found worldwide. Incarceration of UHs is considered to be very rare in children, however, it appears to occur more frequently than it is generally believed.

[Replacement continent bladder in dogs by opening an antro-pyloric graft onto the abdominal wall (seven cases between 1980 and 1983)].

To determine the usefulness of antral bladder controlled by the pyloric sphincter denervated for urological applications, bladder replacement was performed in 17 dogs using the antral segment with its own sphincter, initially with the pylorus supplied by the left gastro-epiploic artery, and later by the right gastro-epiploic artery. The smooth pyloric muscle was denervated to obtain permanent spasm and pulled through the striated anterior abdominal muscle. Both ureters were anastomosed by a Cohen's procedure.

Immunological consequences of burn injury in children.

The authors investigated immunological changes after burn injury in children. Relevant findings were observed in the following immunological factors: phagocytose activity, T-lymphocytes, active T-lymphocytes, test of blastic transformation of lymphocytes and immunoglobulins. The findings confirm from an immunological point of view the requirement of early necrectomy (at the latest on day 4 or 5 after injury).

[Unusual burns in older boys].

The authors give an account a less frequent mechanism of burns in older boys during the domestic manufacture of smoke-boxes from a mixture of sodium dithionite (decolourizer) and urea peroxyhydrate (solid hydrogen peroxide). The chemical reaction explains the development of exogenous heat and the depth of burns. The authors analyze their own material of 16 patients and emphasize early necrectomy and prevention.

[Ileus after appendicitis in children].

A relatively frequent and alarming complication of appendicitis in children is ileus. The authors submit an analysis of 41 cases of ileus with a time interval of 3 days to 8 years after appendectomy. In eight patients conservative treatment was successful, and 33 children were operated with the finding of intraabdominal adhesions (23 times), bands (3 times), abscesses and adhesions (7 times).