Validity and feasibility of an obstacle course to assess fundamental movement skills in a pre-school setting.

Failure to master age-appropriate fundamental movement skills (FMS) at a young age can limit motor skill competence affecting health. Assessments often have issues with feasibility and implementation in a field setting. As such, the purpose of this study was to investigate the validity and feasibility of the Athletic Skills Track (AST), in a pre-school setting.

Use of a Patient-Friendly Terms List in the Adverse Drug Reaction Report Form: A Database Study.

Introduction: When reporting adverse drug reactions to pharmacovigilance centres, patients and consumers can describe adverse drug reactions experienced in free-text format. Recently, a patient-friendly adverse drug reaction terms list was introduced in the adverse drug reaction report form in the UK to facilitate this reporting.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the actual use of the patient-friendly terms list in the adverse drug reaction report form and its association with the type of adverse drug reactions reported.

Quick question or intensive inquiry: The role of message elaboration in the effectiveness of self-persuasive anti-alcohol posters.

Self-persuasion (i.e., generating your own arguments) is often more persuasive than direct persuasion (i.

The Gambian epauletted fruit bat shows increased genetic divergence in the Ethiopian highlands and in an area of rapid urbanization.

The Gambian epauletted fruit bat () is an abundant species that roosts in both urban and rural settings. The possible role of as a reservoir host of zoonotic diseases underlines the need to better understand the species movement patterns. So far, neither observational nor phylogenetic studies have identified the dispersal range or behavior of this species.

High-Frequency Microdomain Ca Transients and Waves during Early Myelin Internode Remodeling.

Ensheathment of axons by myelin is a highly complex and multi-cellular process. Cytosolic calcium (Ca) changes in the myelin sheath have been implicated in myelin synthesis, but the source of this Ca and the role of neuronal activity is not well understood. Using one-photon Ca imaging, we investigated myelin sheath formation in the mouse somatosensory cortex and found a high rate of spontaneous microdomain Ca transients and large-amplitude Ca waves propagating along the internode.

Increasing intake of dietary soluble nutrients affects digesta passage rate in the stomach of growing pigs.

The passage rate of solids and liquids through the gastrointestinal tract differs. Increased dietary nutrient solubility causes nutrients to shift from the solid to the liquid digesta fraction and potentially affect digesta passage kinetics. We quantified: (1) the effect of three levels of dietary nutrient solubility (8, 19 and 31 % of soluble protein and sucrose in the diet) at high feed intake level (S) and (2) the effect of low v.

Occupational Diseases among Workers in Lower and Higher Socioeconomic Positions.

To determine differences between workers in lower and higher socioeconomic positions (SEP) in incidences of occupational disease (OD) and incapacity for work due to ODs. From a Dutch dynamic prospective cohort of occupational physicians (OPs), ODs assessed by OPs were retrieved for lower and higher SEP groups. Among the lower SEP, musculoskeletal disorders, and noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) comprised two-thirds of the OD diagnoses.

Go/no-go training changes food evaluation in both morbidly obese and normal-weight individuals.

Objective: Not responding to appetitive food items in the go/no-go training has been shown to reduce the evaluation of these items in normal-weight university students. In this preregistered study, we administered an identical go/no-go training in both morbidly obese individuals and normal-weight university students, to assess whether findings from laboratory studies on go/no-go training performed in university environments can be translated to clinical settings.

Method: Obese individuals (N = 59, 14 males, M = 46.

POLAR-guided signalling complex assembly and localization drive asymmetric cell division.

Stomatal cell lineage is an archetypal example of asymmetric cell division (ACD), which is necessary for plant survival. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE3 (GSK3)/SHAGGY-like kinase BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 2 (BIN2) phosphorylates both the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling module and its downstream target, the transcription factor SPEECHLESS (SPCH), to promote and restrict ACDs, respectively, in the same stomatal lineage cell. However, the mechanisms that balance these mutually exclusive activities remain unclear.

Comparing causes of death of Hodgkin lymphoma and breast cancer patients between medical records and cause-of-death statistics.

Objective: Obtaining accurate data about causes of death may be difficult in patients with a complicated disease history, including cancer survivors. This study compared causes of death derived from medical records (COD) with causes of death derived from death certificates (COD) as processed by Statistics Netherlands of patients primarily treated for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) or breast cancer (BC).

Methods: Two hospital-based cohorts comprising 1,215 HL patients who died in the period 1980-2013 and 714 BC patients who died in the period 2000-2013 were linked with cause-of-death statistics files.

Visual physiology of the layer 4 cortical circuit in silico.

Despite advances in experimental techniques and accumulation of large datasets concerning the composition and properties of the cortex, quantitative modeling of cortical circuits under in-vivo-like conditions remains challenging. Here we report and publicly release a biophysically detailed circuit model of layer 4 in the mouse primary visual cortex, receiving thalamo-cortical visual inputs. The 45,000-neuron model was subjected to a battery of visual stimuli, and results were compared to published work and new in vivo experiments.

Higher-level cognitive functions in Dutch elite and sub-elite table tennis players.

This study aimed to investigate the higher-level cognitive functions (i.e. metacognition and executive functions) of Dutch competitive table tennis players to better understand its relevance for performance in this fast and complex sport.

Stereoselective Synthesis of Fused Vinylcyclopropanes by Intramolecular Tsuji-Trost Cascade Cyclization.

A stereoselective intramolecular Tsuji-Trost cascade cyclization of (homo)allylic vicinal diacetates with a pendant β-ketoamide or related carbon nucleophile to give γ-lactam-fused vinylcyclopropanes is reported. In addition to two new rings, the products contain three new C-C stereocenters (two of which are quaternary) with a 9:1 dr. Moreover, the reaction proceeds in >94% enantiospecificity with optically enriched starting materials, using an inexpensive carbohydrate as the source of chirality.

Research challenges for cultural ecosystem services and public health in (peri-)urban environments.

Urbanization is a global trend, and consequently the quality of urban environments is increasingly important for human health and wellbeing. Urban life-style is typically associated with low physical activity and sometimes with high mental stress, both contributing to an increasing burden of diseases. Nature-based solutions that make effective use of ecosystem services, particularly of cultural ecosystem services (CES), can provide vital building blocks to address these challenges.

Loss of CRB2 in Müller glial cells modifies a CRB1-associated retinitis pigmentosa phenotype into a Leber congenital amaurosis phenotype.

Variations in the human Crumbs homolog-1 (CRB1) gene lead to an array of retinal dystrophies including early onset of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) in children. To investigate the physiological roles of CRB1 and CRB2 in retinal Müller glial cells (MGCs), we analysed mouse retinas lacking both proteins in MGC. The peripheral retina showed a faster progression of dystrophy than the central retina.

On plant defense signaling networks and early land plant evolution.

All land plants must cope with phytopathogens. Algae face pathogens, too, and it is reasonable to assume that some of the strategies for dealing with pathogens evolved prior to the origin of embryophytes - plant terrestrialization simply changed the nature of the plant-pathogen interactions. Here we highlight that many potential components of the angiosperm defense toolkit are i) found in streptophyte algae and non-flowering embryophytes and ii) might be used in non-flowering plant defense as inferred from published experimental data.

DaReUS-Loop: accurate loop modeling using fragments from remote or unrelated proteins.

Despite efforts during the past decades, loop modeling remains a difficult part of protein structure modeling. Several approaches have been developed in the framework of crystal structures. However, for homology models, the modeling of loops is still far from being solved.

Effectiveness of service models and organisational structures supporting tuberculosis identification and management in hard-to-reach populations in countries of low and medium tuberculosis incidence: a systematic review.

Objective: To determine which service models and organisational structures are effective and cost-effective for delivering tuberculosis (TB) services to hard-to-reach populations.

Design: Embase and MEDLINE (1990-2017) were searched in order to update and extend the 2011 systematic review commissioned by National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), discussing interventions targeting service models and organisational structures for the identification and management of TB in hard-to-reach populations. The NICE and Cochrane Collaboration standards were followed.

Keeping your eye on the target: eye-hand coordination in a repetitive Fitts' task.

In a cyclical Fitts' task, hand movements transition from continuous to discrete movements when the Index of Difficulty (ID) increases. Moreover, at high ID (small target), the eyes saccade to and subsequently fixate the targets at every movement, while at low ID (large target) intermittent monitoring is used. By hypothesis, the (periodic) gaze shifts are abandoned for movement times shorter than about 0.

Self-Reported Effectiveness and Safety of Trokie Lozenges: A Standardized Formulation for the Buccal Delivery of Cannabis Extracts.

Therapeutic use of cannabinoids, the main active ingredients of L., is often hindered by their limited bioavailability and undesirable psychoactivity. We conducted an observational study in December 2016 and another one in February 2018 to investigate respectively: (i) the effectiveness of Trokie lozenges, a standardized formulation containing cannabis extracts, to deliver cannabinoids via buccal absorption and (ii) its long-term safety.

Notochordal cell matrix: An inhibitor of neurite and blood vessel growth?

Blood vessel and neurite ingrowth into the degenerating intervertebral disc (IVD) are related to pain. In reported studies, notochordal cell (NC)-conditioned medium (NCCM) induced a regenerative response of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells, but also inhibition of neurite and vessel formation. NC matrix (NCM) derived from NC-rich NP tissue, induced even stronger anabolic effects than NCCM.

Nonselective Chemical Inhibition of Sec7 Domain-Containing ARF GTPase Exchange Factors.

Small GTP-binding proteins from the ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) family are important regulators of vesicle formation and cellular trafficking in all eukaryotes. ARF activation is accomplished by a protein family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) that contain a conserved catalytic Sec7 domain. Here, we identified and characterized Secdin, a small-molecule inhibitor of ARF-GEFs.

Biologic canine and human intervertebral disc repair by notochordal cell-derived matrix: from bench towards bedside.

The socioeconomic burden of chronic back pain related to intervertebral disc (IVD) disease is high and current treatments are only symptomatic. Minimally invasive strategies that promote biological IVD repair should address this unmet need. Notochordal cells (NCs) are replaced by chondrocyte-like cells (CLCs) during IVD maturation and degeneration.

Notochordal cell matrix as a bioactive lubricant for the osteoarthritic joint.

Notochordal cell derived matrix (NCM) can induce regenerative effects on nucleus pulposus cells and may exert such effects on chondrocytes as well. Furthermore, when dissolved at low concentrations, NCM forms a viscous fluid with potential lubricating properties. Therefore, this study tests the feasibility of the use of NCM as a regenerative lubricant for the osteoarthritic joint.