[Virtual reality in liver surgery-Planning, advanced training, testing].

Anatomical structures of the liver could be reconstructed three dimensionally from preoperative cross-sectional imaging for over 20 years. This three-dimensional (3D) representation not only optimizes the preoperative planning options but also the communication of specific operation-relevant structures can be improved using 3D models. In addition to a plastic and interactive visualization of 3D organ models, the disruptive technology of virtual reality (VR) can also provide a possibility for structured training and further education regarding surgical anatomy of the liver and operation planning.

Immersive virtual reality for interdisciplinary trauma management - initial evaluation of a training tool prototype.

Introduction: Emergency care of critically ill patients in the trauma room is an integral part of interdisciplinary work in hospitals. Live threatening injuries require swift diagnosis, prioritization, and treatment; thus, different medical specialties need to work together closely for optimal patient care. Training is essential to facilitate smooth performance.

[Evidence, Availability and Future Visions in Simulation in General and Visceral Surgery].

Practice makes perfect - a saying that everyone has certainly heard. Surgeons of all levels of training can demonstrably practice to some extent on simulators. This training outside the operating theatre and independent of patients makes sense, both ethically and financially.

Education Team Time Out in Oncologic Visceral Surgery Optimizes Surgical Resident Training and Team Communication-Results of a Prospective Trial.

Background: Surgical education is highly dependent on intraoperative communication. Trainers must know the trainee's training level to ensure high-quality surgical training. A systematic preoperative dialogue (Educational Team Time Out, ETO) was established to discuss the steps of each surgical procedure.

Real-Time Augmented Reality Annotation for Surgical Education during Laparoscopic Surgery: Results from a Single-Center Randomized Controlled Trial and Future Aspects.

Background: We developed an interactive augmented reality tool (HoloPointer) that enables real-time annotation on a laparoscopy monitor for intraoperative guidance. This application operates exclusively via verbal commands and head movements to ensure a sterile workflow.

Study Design: Purpose of this randomized controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the integration of this new technology into the operating room.

[Liver Surgery 4.0 - Planning, Volumetry, Navigation and Virtual Reality].

Due to the optimisation of conservative treatment, the improvement of imaging methods and the continuous development of surgical techniques, the borders of resectability in liver surgery have changed significantly in recent decades.Thanks to numerous technical developments, in particular three-dimensional segmentation, preoperative planning and orientation during the operation itself, can now be facilitated, especially in complex procedures.New technologies such as 3D printing as well as virtual and augmented reality offer additional display options for the patients' individual anatomy.

Patient-individualized resection planning in liver surgery using 3D print and virtual reality (i-LiVR)-a study protocol for a prospective randomized controlled trial.

Background: A multitude of different diseases-benign and malign-can require surgery of the liver. The liver is an especially challenging organ for resection planning due to its unique and interindividually variable anatomy. This demands a high amount of mental imagination from the surgeon in order to plan accordingly - a skill, which takes years of training to acquire and which is difficult to teach.