Burden of grade 3 or 4 liver injury associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Background & Aims: There is concern about the burden of liver injury in patients with cancer exposed to immune checkpoints inhibitors (ICIs).

Methods: In a retrospective cohort study, we evaluated the likelihood of grade 3/4 liver injury, of grade 3/4 cholestatic liver injury, and of liver failure, as per the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 5, following treatment with ICIs. We compared these occurrences with a group of cancer patients who were propensity-matched and treated with conventional chemotherapy.

FOLFIRI in advanced platinum-resistant/refractory small-cell lung cancer: a retrospective study.

Background: Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for approximately 15% of lung cancer and is associated with poor prognosis. In platinum-refractory or -resistant SCLC patients, few treatment options are available. Topotecan is one of the standards of care for these patients, however, due to its high toxicity, several different approaches are employed.

Liquid Biopsies for Circulating Tumor DNA Detection May Reveal Occult Hematologic Malignancies in Patients With Solid Tumors.

Purpose: High-risk clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is frequently incidentally found in patients with solid tumors undergoing plasma cell-free DNA sequencing. Here, we aimed to determine if the incidental detection of high-risk CH by liquid biopsy may reveal occult hematologic malignancies in patients with solid tumors.

Materials And Methods: Adult patients with advanced solid cancers enrolled in the Gustave Roussy Cancer Profiling study (ClinicalTrials.

Anti-PD-1 immune-related adverse events are associated with high therapeutic antibody fixation on T cells.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) widely improved the treatment of solid and hematologic malignancies. Yet, a remarkable proportion of patients receiving ICI develop immune related adverse events (irAEs) which are difficult to define as treatment-related. This underlines the need to develop a biomarker to guide irAE diagnosis.

Cytochrome P-450-mediated herb and food-drug interactions can be identified in cancer patients through patient self-reporting with a tablet application: results of a prospective observational study.

Background: Consumption of herbs, food used as medicine and dietary supplements (HFDSs) is common in cancer patients. Herbs and food-drug interactions (HFDIs) can lead to serious adverse effects and can be prevented. We previously reviewed cytochrome P-450 (CYP)-mediated HFDI for 261 HFDSs and we classified the risk of CYP inhibition and induction on a level of evidence scale from 1 (high evidence, supported by several clinical studies) to 5 (low evidence, only limited preclinical data).

Reversible Tumor Progression Induced by a Dexamethasone Course for Severe COVID-19 during Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment.

Immunotherapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) represent the latest revolution in oncology. Several studies have reported an association between the use of corticosteroids and poorer outcomes for patients treated with ICIs. However, it has been never established whether corticoid-induced tumor progression under ICI treatment could be reversible.

No Geographical Inequalities in Survival for Sarcoma Patients in France: A Reference Networks' Outcome?

The national reference network NETSARC+ provides remote access to specialized diagnosis and the Multidisciplinary Tumour Board (MTB) to improve the management and survival of sarcoma patients in France. The IGéAS research program aims to assess the potential of this innovative organization to address geographical inequalities in cancer management. Using the IGéAS cohort built from the nationwide NETSARC+ database, the individual, clinical, and geographical determinants of the 3-year overall survival of sarcoma patients in France were analyzed.

[Differences of characteristics and outcomes between cancer patients and patients with no active cancer hospitalised for a SARS-CoV-2 infection].

Background: Patients with solid cancer or haematologic malignancies have been considered to be more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and to more often develop severe complications. We aimed to compare the differences in clinical features and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with and without cancer.

Methods: This was a prospective observational cohort study of consecutive adult patients hospitalised in a COVID-19 unit at Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France (NCT04320017).

Systemic therapies in advanced epithelioid haemangioendothelioma: A retrospective international case series from the World Sarcoma Network and a review of literature.

Background: This observational, retrospective effort across Europe, US, Australia, and Asia aimed to assess the activity of systemic therapies in EHE, an ultra-rare sarcoma, marked by WWTR1-CAMTA1 or YAP1-TFE3 fusions.

Methods: Twenty sarcoma reference centres contributed data. Patients with advanced EHE diagnosed from 2000 onwards and treated with systemic therapies, were selected.

Cardiotoxicity Associated with Gemcitabine: Literature Review and a Pharmacovigilance Study.

Background: Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analog, widely used either alone or in combination, for the treatment of multiple cancers. However, gemcitabine may also be associated with cardiovascular adverse-drug-reactions (CV-ADR).

Methods: First, we searched for all cases of cardiotoxicity associated with gemcitabine, published in MEDLINE on 30 May 2019.

Clinical Pharmacology and Interplay of Immune Checkpoint Agents: A Yin-Yang Balance.

T cells have a central role in immune system balance. When activated, they may lead to autoimmune diseases. When too anergic, they contribute to infection spread and cancer proliferation.

Systemic short chain fatty acids limit antitumor effect of CTLA-4 blockade in hosts with cancer.

Gut microbiota composition influences the clinical benefit of immune checkpoints in patients with advanced cancer but mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. Molecular mechanism whereby gut microbiota influences immune responses is mainly assigned to gut microbial metabolites. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) are produced in large amounts in the colon through bacterial fermentation of dietary fiber.

Evaluation of Readministration of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors After Immune-Related Adverse Events in Patients With Cancer.

Importance: Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as anti-PD-1 (programmed cell death 1) or anti-PD-L1 (programmed cell death 1 ligand 1), have proved effective in treating many cancers, patients receiving ICIs may experience immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Little evidence exists on the safety of resuming these treatments after an irAE.

Objective: To investigate the safety of a rechallenge with anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 immunotherapies after an irAE.