The effect of vitamin D supplementation on the incidence of type 2 diabetes in healthy older adults not at high risk for diabetes (FIND): a randomised controlled trial.

Aims/hypothesis: Vitamin D insufficiency is associated with an elevated risk of type 2 diabetes, but evidence from randomised trials on the benefits of vitamin D supplementation is limited, especially for average-risk populations. The Finnish Vitamin D Trial (FIND) investigated the effects of vitamin D supplementation at two different doses on the incidence of type 2 diabetes in a generally healthy older adult population.

Methods: FIND was a 5 year randomised placebo-controlled, parallel-arm trial among 2271 male and female participants aged ≥60 years and ≥65 years, respectively, from a general Finnish population who were free of CVD or cancer and did not use diabetes medications.

Predictors, Diagnoses, and Costs of Emergency Department Visits among Home Care Clients.

Objectives: To examine factors, diagnoses, and costs associated with emergency department (ED) visits among home care clients.

Design: A prospective 1-year follow-up study.

Settings And Participants: More information is needed regarding the reasons and costs associated with ED visits by home care clients.

Should workers be physically active after work? Associations of leisure-time physical activity with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality across occupational physical activity levels-An individual participant data meta-analysis.

Background: There is insufficient evidence to provide recommendations for leisure-time physical activity among workers across various occupational physical activity levels. This study aimed to assess the association of leisure-time physical activity with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality across occupational physical activity levels.

Methods: This study utilized individual participant data from 21 cohort studies, comprising both published and unpublished data.

Associations of occupational and leisure-time physical activity with all-cause mortality: an individual participant data meta-analysis.

Objective: Health effects of different physical activity domains (ie, during leisure time, work and transport) are generally considered positive. Using data, we assessed independent associations of occupational and leisure-time physical activity (OPA and LTPA) with all-cause mortality.

Design: Two-stage individual participant data meta-analysis.

Maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and the risk of delivering a small for gestational age baby: Kuopio Birth Cohort.

Purpose: High caffeine intake during pregnancy is associated with restricted fetal growth. We aimed to evaluate the association between maternal caffeine intake during early and late pregnancy and the risk of delivering a small for gestational age (SGA) baby.

Methods: Kuopio Birth Cohort (KuBiCo) is a prospective cohort study including women whose pregnancies and deliveries were treated at the prenatal clinics in outpatient healthcare centers and in Kuopio University Hospital, Finland.

Prevalence of eating disorder symptoms in people with insulin-dependent-diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aims: To examine the prevalence of eating disorder symptoms (EDS) in 16 years and older individuals with insulin-dependent diabetes including both clinical and subclinical eating disorder symptoms.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases to discover studies reporting prevalence of eating disorder symptoms in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes (both type 1 and type 2). We performed a meta-analysis to estimate the pooled prevalence of eating disorder symptoms and an independent meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of insulin omission.

Maternal caffeine, coffee and cola drink intake and the risk of gestational diabetes - Kuopio Birth Cohort.

Aims: Coffee intake is associated with a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes among non-pregnant people. We aimed to investigate the association between caffeine, coffee and cola drink intake in early pregnancy and the risk of gestational diabetes (GDM).

Methods: Kuopio Birth Cohort (KuBiCo) is a prospective cohort study including pregnant women who were followed at the prenatal clinics in outpatient healthcare centers and gave birth in Kuopio University Hospital, Finland (n=2214).

Meaningfulness and mortality: exploring the sense of coherence in Eastern Finnish men.

Aims: The sense of coherence scale has been shown to have an epidemiological relationship with mortality. This study aimed to investigate how the three components of sense of coherence (meaningfulness, comprehensibility and manageability) and the individual items of these components relate to mortality.

Methods: Eastern Finnish men (=2315) aged 42-60 years at baseline in the 1980s completed a 12-item sense of coherence scale and were followed for 25 years, on average, until death or until the end of 2019.

The role of functioning in predicting nursing home placement or death among older home care patients.

Objective: There have been few studies predicting institutionalization or death in home care settings. We examined risk factors for nursing home placement (NHP) and death among home care patients.

Design: A prospective one-year follow-up study.

The effects of motivational self-care promotion on depressive symptoms among adults with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and -analysis.

In individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D), comorbid depression leads to increased health care costs and unsatisfactory treatment outcomes. Supporting healthy behaviors and self-efficacy might provide means to prevent depressive symptoms. We assessed the effects of motivational interviewing (MI) - based self-care promotion that specifically targets health behaviors, on depressive symptoms in adults with T2D.

Frailty Predicts Incident Atrial Fibrillation in Women but Not in Men: The Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study.

Introduction: Frailty and atrial fibrillation (AF) are common aging problems and increasing globally. The association(s) between frailty and AF has been inconclusive. The purpose of this prospective population-based cohort was to investigate the associations between frailty and incident AF in older men and women.

Change in sense of coherence mediates the association between economic recession and mortality among middle-aged men: A population-based cohort study from Eastern Finland.

A financial recession has been associated with a decrease in all-cause mortality, but little is known about how psychosocial fluctuations in stress tolerance or orientation to life affect this association. Sense of Coherence (SOC) is a core construct in the Salutogenic Model of Health and is determined by generalized resistance resources and measures one's orientation to life by comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness. We followed the mortality of a cohort of middle-aged Finnish men (n = 854) from the 1980s to the end of 2019.

Life's Essential 8 is associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease but not venous thromboembolism in men: a prospective cohort study.

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) shares several risk factors with venous thromboembolism (VTE). The American Heart Association's Life's Simple 7 (LS7), which included seven health and behavioural factors for CVD prevention, has recently been upgraded to Life's Essential 8 (LE8) score. We aimed to examine the prospective association between LE8 and the risks of ASCVD and VTE in Finland.

The effect of vitamin D supplementation on atrial fibrillation in generally healthy men and women: The Finnish Vitamin D Trial.

Atrial fibrillation is a common cardiac arrhythmia with high morbidity risk. Observational studies suggest that vitamin D deficiency is associated with higher atrial fibrillation risk but there is limited evidence whether vitamin D supplementation could affect the risk. In these post hoc analyses from the Finnish Vitamin D Trial, we compared the incidence of atrial fibrillation with 5-year supplementation of vitamin D (1600 IU/d or 3200 IU/d) vs placebo.

Association of Intima-Media Thickness Measured at the Common Carotid Artery With Incident Carotid Plaque: Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis of 20 Prospective Studies.

Background The association between common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT) and incident carotid plaque has not been characterized fully. We therefore aimed to precisely quantify the relationship between CCA-IMT and carotid plaque development. Methods and Results We undertook an individual participant data meta-analysis of 20 prospective studies from the Proof-ATHERO (Prospective Studies of Atherosclerosis) consortium that recorded baseline CCA-IMT and incident carotid plaque involving 21 494 individuals without a history of cardiovascular disease and without preexisting carotid plaque at baseline.

Frailty alone and interactively with obesity predicts heart failure: Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study.

Aims: We aim to evaluate the association of frailty and high body mass index with risk of incident heart failure.

Methods And Results: From the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study, 408 women and 369 men, aged 61-74 years were included in this study. Frailty was ascertained with the presence of 3-5 and prefrailty 1-2 of the following criteria: weight loss (highest 20% over 7 years), self-reported tiredness, weakness (measured by handgrip strength), slow walking speed (walking pace), and low physical activity (lowest 20%).

What is the most appropriate follow-up time for detecting the epidemiological relationship between coronary artery disease and its main risk factors: novel findings from a 35-year follow-up study.

Background: The aim was to investigate the most appropriate follow-up time to detect the associations of coronary artery disease (CAD) with its traditional risk factors in a long-term prospective cohort study.

Methods: The Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factors Study provided the study material of 1958 middle-aged men free from CAD at baseline and followed up for 35 years. We performed Cox models adjusted for age, family history, diabetes, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, smoking, and physical activity, investigated covariate interactions, and tested Schoenfeld residuals to detect time-dependent covariates.

Effect of Pain Education Interventions on Registered Nurses' Pain Management: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objectives: This review and meta-analysis aims to reveal how pain education interventions affect registered nurses' pain management.

Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), and ERIC REVIEW METHODS: A systematic search of four electronic databases was conducted to identify relevant peer-reviewed English or Finnish-language articles published between 2008 and 2021. The review included a quality appraisal and a meta-analysis of articles providing group-level data before and after the intervention (n = 12).

Efficacy of vitamin D supplementation on cancer mortality: Systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

To evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on cancer mortality in the general population and on prognosis in cancer patients, a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised, placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) and individual patient data (IPD) was conducted. Overall, 14 RCTs with a total of 104,727 participants (2015 cancer deaths) were identified and 7 RCTs, including 90 % of all study participants (n = 94,068), could be included in the IPD meta-analyses. The main meta-analysis of the 14 RCTs yielded a statistically non-significant reduction in cancer mortality by 6 % (risk ratio (RR) [95%-confidence interval (95%CI)]: 0.

The association between renal hyperfiltration and mortality is not mediated by diabetes mellitus.

Background: Renal hyperfiltration (RHF), recently established as a risk factor for mortality, is linked to current and subsequent diabetes mellitus (DM). DM could be seen as a mediator in the pathway between RHF and mortality. However, the mediating role of DM in the relationship between RHF and mortality is unclear.

Multiplicative, additive, and interactive associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with lung and prostate cancer.

Results regarding the epidemiological association of vitamin D with lung (LCA) and prostate cancer (PCA) are controversial. This study tested whether serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations have interactive epidemiological associations with smoking, the number-one risk factor for LCA, and age, the number-one risk factor for PCA. Also, this study investigated whether the associations of 25(OH)D, smoking, age, alcohol consumption, body mass index, diet (the healthy Nordic diet score), and physical activity with incident LCA and PCA are multiplicative or additive.

Life's Essential 8 and the risk of cardiovascular disease death and all-cause mortality in Finnish men.

Aims: The aim of the study was to examine the association between Life's Essential 8 (LE8) and the risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality.

Methods And Results: The LE8 was computed for 1662 men, aged 42-60 years, without pre-existing history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) at baseline in the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease study. The LE8 factors include diet, physical activity, nicotine exposure, sleep, body mass index, blood pressure, blood glucose, and lipids.

Serum C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio may be a potential risk indicator for venous thromboembolism: Findings from a prospective cohort study.

Background And Aims: Circulating C-reactive protein (CRP) and albumin are commonly used inflammatory biomarkers. C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR), a novel inflammatory biomarker, has been suggested to be a more reliable risk indicator compared to CRP or albumin alone. An inflammatory hypothesis has been postulated in VTE aetiology, but the association between CAR and VTE has not been investigated.

Cardiovascular health metrics and risk of heart failure in a Finnish population: a prospective cohort study.

Aims: This study aimed to examine the association between cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics and the risk of heart failure (HF) in a Finnish population.

Methods And Results: We used the prospective population-based Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease cohort study comprising men aged 42-60 years at baseline (1984-89) and women aged 53-73 years at baseline (1998-2001). The CVH scores were computed from American Heart Association's CVH metrics for 2385 men and 825 women without a history of HF at baseline.