Hidden army within: Harnessing the microbiome to improve cancer treatment outcomes.

The gut microbiome has emerged as a critical player in cancer pathogenesis and treatment response. Dysbiosis, an imbalance in the gut microbial community, impacts tumor initiation, progression, and therapy outcomes. Specific bacterial species have been associated with either promoting or inhibiting tumor growth, offering potential targets for therapeutic intervention.

The importance of intensive follow-up and achieving optimal chronic antithrombotic treatment in hospitalized medical patients with anemia: A prospective cohort study.

Background: Anemia is a global health concern, particularly among the elderly on chronic antithrombotic treatment. Close monitoring of hemoglobin (Hb) levels and achievement of an optimized treatment significantly enhance patients' quality of life. This study aimed to examine the impact of antithrombotic treatment on Hb levels and readmissions in hospitalized patients with anemia.

In vivo validation of Diagnodent and Vista proof devices vs ICDAS clinical criteria on incipient carious lesions in adults.

Aim: This study aimed to validate the in vivo performance of Diagnodent and Vista proof devices with ICDAS clinical criteria on incipient carious lesions in adults.

Methods: A total of 44 adult patients with 230 incipient occlusal caries took part in the present study. These patients were assessed for caries with ICDAS clinical criteria, and then they were examined with Diagnodent pen™ (DP) and Vista proof™ (VP) fluorescence devices.

Infective Endocarditis by Species: A Systematic Review.

spp. are non-spore-forming Gram-negative bacilli. They comprise only three species known to cause disease in humans, namely , and .

Infective endocarditis by species: a systematic review.

spp. are members of the Enterobacteriaceae family and are Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria known to mainly cause urinary tract infections (UTIs) in humans. However, even though scarce evidence exists suggesting their potential to cause infective endocarditis (IE), a study summarizing the existing evidence is lacking.

A Systematic Review of Human Infections by .

is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterium that belongs in the family Pseudomonadaceae and has been isolated from water and soil. Even though it is thought to cause infections quite rarely in humans, it can cause severe infections even in immunocompetent individuals. The aim of this study was to systemically review all cases of human infection by in the literature and describe their epidemiology, microbiology, antimicrobial susceptibility, treatment and outcomes.

Tooth Extraction in Antiquity.

Tooth extraction was probably the first dental treatment in human history, therefore a tooth forceps usually stood out as its symbol. The procedure in these early years was not easy and it posed many risks. Those extracting the teeth prepared several medicaments in order to remove them without pain or to minimize effort.

Differential pharmacology and clinical utility of dapagliflozin in type 2 diabetes.

Dapagliflozin belongs in the family of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and acts by reducing glucose reabsorption in the proximal tubule. The aim of this review is to present the differential pharmacology and clinical utility of dapagliflozin. Dapagliflozin is orally administered, has a long half-life of 12.

Clinical Evaluation of Two Different Prevention Programs in Adults Depending on Their Caries Risk Profile: One-year Results.

The aim of this study was to investigate the management of incipient caries lesions in adults with two preventive protocols. A total of 44 adult patients with high, moderate and low caries risk with 516 incipient caries took part in the study. These patients were assessed for caries with International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) criteria and were then divided into three groups depending on their caries risk profile: a high-risk group (group A), a moderate-risk group (group B), and a low-risk group (group C).

Unusual death due to a bleeding from a varicose vein: a case report.

Background: Varicose veins are a common entity presenting a worldwide distribution. Although they are usually benign, sometimes are proved to be a threatening condition. Massive hemorrhage is an unusual complication of this common venous pathology that demands immediate medical intervention.

Evaluation of a new fluorescence-based device in the detection of incipient occlusal caries lesions.

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the performance of various contemporary detection tools at incipient occlusal caries. Thirty eight freshly extracted posterior teeth with non-cavitated occlusal caries were subjected to clinical examination and coding according to ICDAS criteria (n = 38). Standardized fluorescence images were taken with VistaProof (Dürr Dental, Bietigheim-Bissingen, Germany).

The impact of magnification on occlusal caries diagnosis with implementation of the ICDAS II criteria.

Aim: This study compared the impact of low-powered magnification on the detection of occlusal caries.

Methods: The occlusal surfaces of 38 extracted teeth received caries ICDAS classification with and without magnification by two examiners. Histology was used as the gold standard.

Evaluation of a blended learning course for teaching oral radiology to undergraduate dental students.

Aims: The purpose of this study was to develop and implement a blended course (a combined face-to-face and online instruction) on undergraduate oral radiology and evaluate it by comparing its educational effectiveness (derived from students' performance and answers to questionnaires) to a conventional course's. Students' attitudes concerning the blended methodology were also registered.

Methodology: An original course was developed and implemented, and its electronic version was uploaded to an e-learning educational platform.

A survey on education in cariology for undergraduate dental students in Europe.

The aim of the survey was to collect relevant information about education in cariology for dental undergraduate students in Europe. The ORCA/ADEE cariology curriculum group prepared a questionnaire that was mailed in 2009 to 179 European dental schools. One hundred and twenty-three dental schools (72%) from 32 countries completed and returned the questionnaires.

In vitro evaluation of fluoride and calcium sodium phosphosilicate toothpastes, on root dentine caries lesions.

Objectives: The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the effect of toothpastes containing three different sodium fluoride concentrations and a calcium sodium phosphosilicate system, on root dentine demineralization and remineralization.

Methods: During a fourteen-day pH-cycling protocol, pre-softened bovine root dentine specimens were immersed twice daily, before and after the demineralization periods, for 2 min, in the following toothpaste slurries: (a) non-fluoridated (control), (b) 7.5% calcium sodium phosphosilicate, (c) 1450 ppm F, (d) 2800 ppm F, and (e) 5000 ppm F.

Effect of fluoride and of calcium sodium phosphosilicate toothpastes on pre-softened dentin demineralization and remineralization in vitro.

Objectives: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of toothpastes containing sodium fluoride in different concentrations or a calcium sodium phosphosilicate system on pre-softened dentin demineralization and remineralization.

Methods: During a ten day pH-cycling protocol, pre-softened bovine root dentin slabs were immersed twice daily, after the demineralization periods, for 2min, in the following toothpaste slurries: (a) non-fluoridated (control), (b) 7.5% calcium sodium phosphosilicate, (c) 1450 ppm F, (d) 2800 ppm F and (e) 5000 ppm F.

A study on colour stability of self-etching and etch-and-rinse adhesives.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the color change in two "self-etch" and one "etch and rinse" adhesive under dark/water and photoaging conditions and to evaluate the influence of these changes on the color stability of resin composite restorative systems.

Methods: The adhesives were: One-Up Bond F (OB/Tokuyama), Adper Prompt L-Pop (PL/3M Espe) and Optibond Solo Plus (OS/Kerr). 10 sample disks of each material were prepared (OB(1), LP(1), OS(1)).

Dental data of the Athens 2004 Olympic and Paralympic Games.

The Athens University, School of Dentistry, accepted the challenge to organize the Dental Health Services in the Athens 2004 Olympic and Paralympic Games in order to provide the best quality of oral health services to the athletes, coaches, escort members and Olympic Village personnel. Data from the whole activity protocol of the Athens 2004 Games Dental Health Services - the reception, admission and treatment protocols, the facilities and the infrastructure, the number of cases treated per specialty and the experience gained - were recorded. During the Olympic Games, there were more than 1400 dental cases in more than 650 patients, elite athletes, escort members, coaches and staff of the Olympic Village.

Characterization of oral films formed in the presence of a CPP-ACP agent: an in situ study.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the morphological appearance and the molecular composition of intraoral integuments formed in situ on germanium (Ge) crystals in the presence or absence of the commercially available casein-phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) cream agent.

Methods: Six volunteers participated in the study. Impression of maxillary arch was taken for each patient, and a removable orthodontic appliance with a custom-made retainer was fabricated.

Effect of a CPP-ACP agent on the demineralization and remineralization of dentine in vitro.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine in vitro the effect of a commercial paste based on CPP-ACP complex on the demineralization of sound human dentine and on remineralization potential of artificial caries-like lesions formed on dentine surfaces.

Methods: Forty dentine specimens were prepared with hard tissue microtome. The specimens were divided in four groups the A, B, C and D (n=10).

Colour stability of tooth-coloured restorative materials.

The colour stability of the surface and in-depth (2 mm) layer of two resin composites, a laboratory second-generation resin composite and a compomer were evaluated after 24 and 360 hours of water aging under dark and UV light conditions. The influence of various polymerization techniques on color changes was also evaluated. Color differences (deltaE*) showed higher color changes under UV light exposure than under dark storage, both at 24- and 360-hour evaluations.

The effect of sterilization methods on the light transmission characteristics and structure of light-curing tips.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of various sterilization methods on the light transmission and the structural characteristics of two light-curing tips. Twenty tips from two light-curing devices [Elipar II (EL) and Heliolux II (HL)] were classified into four groups. The tips in groups A to C were subjected to sterilization with 0.

Curing efficiency of various types of light-curing units.

This study compared monomer conversion (DC), the per cent linear polymerization shrinkage (%LS), the wall-to-wall contraction pattern (per cent of peripheral opening, %DM, and maximal marginal gap, MG) and depth of cure (DOC), of a hybrid resin composite (Spectrum TPH) exposed to different types of light-curing units and exposure modes (Virtuoso-PAC, Elipar TriLight-QTH, and FreeLight-LED). The QTH and LED units were used in two curing modes: the exponential ramp and the continuous output modes. Monomer conversion was investigated by micro Multiple Internal Reflection (MIR)-Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and %LS was measured by the deflective disc method.

A comparative clinical study on the Carisolv caries removal method.

Objective: Carisolv is a relatively new chemomechanical method for caries removal. The aim of this clinical study was to compare Carisolv with the conventional drilling technique.

Method And Materials: Forty-five volunteers, ages 18 to 55 years, each with two contralateral primary coronal mesio-occlusal or disto-occlusal carious lesions, similar in extent, participated in the study.