Strong immune responses and robust protection following a novel protein in adjuvant tuberculosis vaccine candidate.

BCG remains the only licensed vaccine for tuberculosis (TB), but its efficacy wanes over time. Subunit vaccines, aim to improve BCG immunity and protection, by inducing responses to a few mycobacterial antigens delivered with a specific platform. Since the platform shapes the immune response induced, selecting the right platform has been challenging due to the lack of immune correlates of protection.

Differential Associations Between Device-Assessed and Parent-Reported Physical Activity With Indicators of Mental Health in Children and Youth With Disabilities.

Purpose: We examined associations between device-assessed and parent-reported physical activity with mental health indicators among children and youth with disabilities.

Method: Physical activity and mental health data were collected from a larger national surveillance study of physical activity in children and youth with disabilities in Canada. A total of 122 children and youth with disabilities (mean age = 10 y; 80% boys, 57% with developmental disability) wore a Fitbit for 28 days to measure their daily steps.

Structural variation in the pangenome of wild and domesticated barley.

Pangenomes are collections of annotated genome sequences of multiple individuals of a species. The structural variants uncovered by these datasets are a major asset to genetic analysis in crop plants. Here we report a pangenome of barley comprising long-read sequence assemblies of 76 wild and domesticated genomes and short-read sequence data of 1,315 genotypes.

Subclinical patterns of disordered eating behaviors in the daily life of adolescents and young adults from the general population.

Background: Disordered eating behaviors (DEBs), a risk factor for the development of eating disorders (EDs), are prevalent in young people and different DEBs frequently co-occur. Previous studies on DEB-patterns have largely used traditional retrospective questionnaires to assess DEBs. In addition, most previous studies did not specifically exclude individuals with clinical EDs, which limits current knowledge concerning purely subclinical patterns of DEBs.

Disentangling hydroxynitrile glucoside biosynthesis in a barley (Hordeum vulgare) metabolon provides access to elite malting barleys for ethyl carbamate-free whisky production.

Barley produces several specialized metabolites, including five α-, β-, and γ-hydroxynitrile glucosides (HNGs). In malting barley, presence of the α-HNG epiheterodendrin gives rise to undesired formation of ethyl carbamate in the beverage production, especially after distilling. Metabolite-GWAS identified QTLs and underlying gene candidates possibly involved in the control of the relative and absolute content of HNGs, including an undescribed MATE transporter.

TcrXY is an acid-sensing two-component transcriptional regulator of Mycobacterium tuberculosis required for persistent infection.

The ability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) to persist in the host complicates and prolongs tuberculosis (TB) patient chemotherapy. Here we demonstrate that a neglected two-component system (TCS) of Mtb, TcrXY, is an autoregulated acid-sensing TCS that controls a functionally diverse 70-gene regulon required for bacterial persistence. Characterisation of two representatives of this regulon, Rv3706c and Rv3705A, implicate these genes as key determinants for the survival of Mtb in vivo by serving as important effectors to mitigate redox stress at acidic pH.

COPD basal cells are primed towards secretory to multiciliated cell imbalance driving increased resilience to environmental stressors.

Introduction: Environmental pollutants injure the mucociliary elevator, thereby provoking disease progression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Epithelial resilience mechanisms to environmental nanoparticles in health and disease are poorly characterised.

Methods: We delineated the impact of prevalent pollutants such as carbon and zinc oxide nanoparticles, on cellular function and progeny in primary human bronchial epithelial cells (pHBECs) from end-stage COPD (COPD-IV, n=4), early disease (COPD-II, n=3) and pulmonary healthy individuals (n=4).

Regional differences in fishing behavior determine whether a marine reserve network enhances fishery yield.

A network of marine reserves can enhance yield in depleted fisheries by protecting populations, particularly large, old spawners that supply larvae for interspersed fishing grounds. The ability of marine reserves to enhance sustainable fisheries is much less evident. We report empirical evidence of a marine reserve network improving yield regionally for a sustainable spiny lobster fishery, apparently through the spillover of adult lobsters and behavioral adaptation by the fishing fleet.

Search for Evidence of Baryogenesis and Dark Matter in B^{+}→ψ_{D}+p Decays at BABAR.

A new dark sector antibaryon, denoted ψ_{D}, could be produced in decays of B mesons. This Letter presents a search for B^{+}→ψ_{D}+p (and the charge conjugate) decays in e^{+}e^{-} annihilations at 10.58 GeV, using data collected in the BABAR experiment.

A multi-center prospective study of plant-based nutritional support in adult community-based patients at risk of disease-related malnutrition.

Introduction: There is an emerging need for plant-based, vegan options for patients requiring nutritional support.

Methods: Twenty-four adults at risk of malnutrition (age: 59 years (SD 18); Sex: 18 female, 6 male; BMI: 19.0 kg/m (SD 3.

Lung Science Conference highlights 2023: Post-viral lung diseases - from basic immunology to clinical phenotypes and therapy.

https://bit.ly/46oWCEX.

Tension and disordered eating behaviors in the daily lives of adolescents and young adults from the general population: Associations and moderating role of trait emotion regulation.

Experiences of tension and difficulties in emotion regulation have been linked to eating pathology in clinical samples and are targeted in respective treatment approaches. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of tension on engagement in disordered eating behaviors (DEBs) and potential moderating effects of trait emotion regulation in young people from the general population. A subsample of 971 adolescents and young adults from an epidemiological cohort study reported on levels of tension and four different DEBs (skipping eating, restrained eating, eating large amounts of food, loss-of-control-eating) via ecological momentary assessment (EMA), as well as on trait emotion regulation via questionnaire.

Social Interactions in Everyday Life of Socially Anxious Adolescents: Effects on Mental State, Anxiety, and Depression.

Unfavorable interpersonal behavior in social anxiety disorder (SAD) contributes to the maintenance of the disorder and may also be related to the development of secondary depression. Since there is limited research on daily life behavior in SAD, this study aimed to describe social interaction behavior and analyze the effect of positive interactions on depression, anxiety, and mental state. Data were obtained from the Behavior and Mind Health study (11/2015-12/2016), an epidemiological cohort study of adolescents and young adults (n = 1,180, aged 14-21 years) from Dresden, Germany.

Temporal associations between experiential avoidance and disordered eating behaviors in adolescents and young adults: findings from an epidemiological cohort study with ecological momentary assessment.

Purpose: Previous studies linking experiential avoidance (EA) and eating pathology have largely relied on single measurements based on traditional retrospective questionnaires. Taking advantage of available repeated assessments of EA and disordered eating behaviors (DEBs) in the everyday lives of young people from an epidemiological cohort, we aimed to investigate ecologically valid temporal associations between these constructs.

Methods: A random population sample of N = 1180 14-21-year-olds from Dresden, Germany, participated at baseline (2015/2016).

The Association Between Childhood Maltreatment and Body (dis)satisfaction in Adolescents and Young Adults from the General Population.

Adolescents with a history of childhood maltreatment are vulnerable to body dissatisfaction and associated psychopathology such as eating disorders. The aim of this study was to expand the understanding of the association between childhood maltreatment and body dissatisfaction in adolescents and young adults. In an epidemiological cohort study,  = 1,001 participants aged 14-21 years from Dresden, Germany, completed self-report measures on childhood maltreatment, body image, and self-esteem.

Cytokine signaling converging on in ILD fibroblasts provokes aberrant epithelial differentiation signatures.

Introduction: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a heterogenous group of lung disorders where destruction and incomplete regeneration of the lung parenchyma often results in persistent architectural distortion of the pulmonary scaffold. Continuous mesenchyme-centered, disease-relevant signaling likely initiates and perpetuates the fibrotic remodeling process, specifically targeting the epithelial cell compartment, thereby destroying the gas exchange area.

Methods: With the aim of identifying functional mediators of the lung mesenchymal-epithelial crosstalk with potential as new targets for therapeutic strategies, we developed a 3D organoid co-culture model based on human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived alveolar epithelial type 2 cells that form alveolar organoids in presence of lung fibroblasts from fibrotic-ILD patients, in our study referring to cases of pulmonary fibrosis, as well as control cell line (IMR-90).

Feasibility and Utility of a Fitbit Tracker Among Ambulatory Children and Youth With Disabilities.

Purpose: To examine the feasibility and utility of the Fitbit Charge HR to estimate physical activity among ambulatory children and youth with disabilities.

Method: Participants (4-17 y old) with disabilities were recruited and asked to wear a Fitbit for 28 days. Feasibility was assessed as the number of participants who adhered to the 28-day protocol.

Screen time, phone usage, and social media usage: Before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: Technology use has increased in the past several years, especially among younger generations. The COVID-19 pandemic drastically changed how people work, learn, and interact, with many utilizing technology for daily tasks and socializing.

Methods: The current study investigated a sample of college students using a cross-sectional design to determine whether there was a change in how much time students spent on screens, phones, and social media.

ERS International Congress 2022: highlights from the Basic and Translational Science Assembly.

In this review, the Basic and Translational Science Assembly of the European Respiratory Society provides an overview of the 2022 International Congress highlights. We discuss the consequences of respiratory events from birth until old age regarding climate change related alterations in air quality due to pollution caused by increased ozone, pollen, wildfires and fuel combustion as well as the increasing presence of microplastic and microfibres. Early life events such as the effect of hyperoxia in the context of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and crucial effects of the intrauterine environment in the context of pre-eclampsia were discussed.

Weight Loss Expectations of Adults With Binge Eating: Cross-sectional Study With a Human-Centered Design Approach.

Background: People tend to overestimate their expectations for weight loss relative to what is achievable in a typical evidence-based behavioral weight management program, which can impact treatment satisfaction and outcomes. We are engaged in formative research to design a digital intervention that addresses binge eating and weight management; thus, understanding expectations among this group can inform more engaging intervention designs to produce a digital intervention that can achieve greater clinical success. Studies examining weight loss expectations have primarily focused on people who have overweight or obesity.

Sociodemographic, psychological, and clinical characteristics associated with health service (non-)use for mental disorders in adolescents and young adults from the general population.

Most adolescents and young adults who experience psychological distress do not seek professional help. This study aims to enhance the understanding of sociodemographic, psychological, and clinical characteristics associated with the underuse of health services by adolescents and young adults with mental disorders. Data from a cross-sectional, epidemiological study with a population-based sample (N = 1180 participants, 14-21 years old) were used.

Lung Organoids for Hazard Assessment of Nanomaterials.

Lung epithelial organoids for the hazard assessment of inhaled nanomaterials offer a promising improvement to in vitro culture systems used so far. Organoids grow in three-dimensional (3D) spheres and can be derived from either induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) or primary lung tissue stem cells from either human or mouse. In this perspective we will highlight advantages and disadvantages of traditional culture systems frequently used for testing nanomaterials and compare them to lung epithelial organoids.

Dynamics of affect, cognition and behavior in a general population sample of adolescents and young adults with current and remitted anxiety disorders: An Ecological Momentary Assessment study.

Background: Measures of dynamic changes in affect/emotions (variability, instability, inertia) have been linked to anxiety disorders (AD). We examine dynamics in affect, cognition and behavior in youth with current and remitted AD.

Methods: Mental disorders were assessed in a general population sample (N = 1180, age 14-21; Dresden, Germany) using standardized interview.