Pediatric antiphospholipid syndrome: is it the same as an adult?

Importance: Antiphospholipid syndrome in neonates and children is a rare, but in some cases life-threatening condition with arterial and/or venous thrombosis and/or non-thrombotic neurological, skin, ophthalmological and other manifestations.

Observations: This review highlights the available information about the features of pediatric APS, including the rare catastrophic form, the differences between pediatric and adult APS, and the role of genetic thrombophilia in APS manifestation.

Conclusions And Relevance: The clinical manifestations and treatment options for APS in children may differ from those in adults, and prescribing therapy can be challenging due to the unique clinical and morphological characteristics of the pediatric patient.

[Predictive capability of Cys112Arg single nucleotide polymorphisms of the apolipoprotein E gene in assessing the risk of immediate and early post-traumatic seizures].

This study is aimed at investigating epileptic seizures, one of the consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Immediate and early post-traumatic seizures, as well as late post-traumatic epileptic seizures or post-traumatic epilepsy, can have different pathogenetic bases. The following key risk factors associated with post-traumatic epilepsy are known: duration of unconsciousness, gunshot wounds, intracranial hemorrhage, diffuse axonal injury, prolonged (more than 3 days) post-traumatic amnesia, acute subdural hematoma with surgical evacuation, immediate and early post-traumatic epileptic seizures, fracture of the skull bones.

[Neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of central neuropathic pain].

The problem of chronic pain is a significant question of nowadays medicine due to its high prevalence and treatment ineffectiveness in most cases. It has been proved by means of neuroimaging methods that chronic pain is always associated with glial activation in central nervous system, leading to the disturbance of glial cells participation in the eregulation of neuron microenvironment and neurotransmitter exchange. As a result, interneuronal communication in nociceptive pathways is interrupted and pathological neuroplasticity processes develop, causing the formation of pathological circuits, selfregilated by means of positive feedback.

[Early predictive biomarkers of posttraumatic epilepsy].

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects about 50 million people in the world every year. Posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a significant complication of TBI of any severity. PTE occurs in 20% of patients with TBI.

Molecular Targets of Manganese-Induced Neurotoxicity: A Five-Year Update.

Understanding of the immediate mechanisms of Mn-induced neurotoxicity is rapidly evolving. We seek to provide a summary of recent findings in the field, with an emphasis to clarify existing gaps and future research directions. We provide, here, a brief review of pertinent discoveries related to Mn-induced neurotoxicity research from the last five years.

[Dementia with Lewy bodies in a patient with oromandibular dystonia].

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is characterized by a combination of progressive cognitive, motor impairments and autonomic dysfunction. Motor impairments in DLB may manifest themselves with mild parkinsonian signs as well as with classic parkinsonism. A case of a female patient, who developed LBD 5 years after being diagnosed with oromandibular dystonia, is presented.

[Segawa's syndrome].

The authors present a case-report of Segawa's syndrome. Clinical characteristics, genetic background and treatment options with special emphasis on a differential diagnosis are discussed.

Isolation and Characterization of Human Myoblast Culture In Vitro for Technologies of Cell and Gene Therapy of Skeletal Muscle Pathologies.

We analyzed cultures of 5 independent myoblast lines from human skeletal muscles. It was shown that the content of desmin-positive cells in cultures at early passages exceeds 90%. Typical morphofunctional signs of myogenic differentiation disturbances were identified and their dynamics was studied.

[Traumatic brain injury: neurologic and psychiatric aspects].

Traumatic brain injury is among the leading social-medical problems that causes preventable deaths, health deterioration and disability in young individuals. It is manifested by neurologic and psychiatric disorders, firstly by neurocognitive impairment. Therapeutic interventions in traumatic brain injury include correction of cerebral disorders in the acute phase of trauma, treatment of neurocognitive impairment and symptomatic treatment of mental disorders.

[Angiogenesis mechanisms in the formation of structural changes of brain tissue in patients with progressive cerebrovascular disease].

Aim: To study the correlation between expressiveness of focal changes of brain tissue and VEGF and MCP-1 levels in plasma and blood serum of patients with chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI).

Material And Methods: Markers of inflammation (MCP-1, CRP) and angiogenesis (VEGF) in serum and blood plasma of 35 patients with CCI depending on expressiveness of structural changes of brain substance according to MRI were investigated.

Results: The increase in MCP-1 and CRP content in blood serum and simultaneous decrease in VEGF level in serum and blood plasma were correlated with the increase in the number of focal changes of substance of the brain in patients with CCI.

[Mechanisms of development of chronic cerebral ischemia in arterial hypertension].

Aim: To study a relationship of arterial hypertension (AH) severity with the cerebral blood flow and structural changes in the brain matter, processes of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense, parameters of homeostasis, indicators of endothelial dysfunction and apoptosis.

Material And Methods: A complex study of 84 patients with AH, aged from 43 to 64 years, was carried out.

Results And Conclusion: The severity of atherosclerotic damage increased with the increasing of the AH degree.

[Markers of an inflammation and angiogenesis in chronic cerebrovascular diseases].

Aim: To study the diagnostic significance of additional vascular lesion markers in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI).

Material And Methods: Markers of inflammation (МСР-1, CRP) and angiogenesis (VEGF in blood serum and plasma) were studied in 50 patients with CCI and 60 healthy people.

Results And Conclusion: It was shown that the development of immunoinflammatory processes in patients with CCI is accompanied by the decrease in the content of vascular endothelial growth factor in the serum and blood plasma.

Delayed nootropic effects of arginine vasopressin after early postnatal chronic administration to albino rat pups.

Intranasal administration of arginine vasopressin (10 microg/kg) to albino rat pups had a strong nootropic effect during training with positive and negative reinforcement. This effect was different in animals of various age groups: training with positive reinforcement was improved in "adolescent" rats and pubertal animals, while during training with negative reinforcement, the nootropic effect of the peptide was more prolonged and persisted also in adult animals.

Neuroleptic properties of the ion-channel-forming peptaibol zervamicin: locomotor activity and behavioral effects.

Zervamicins IIA and IIB are members of the peptaibol family of peptide antibiotics. They are produced by the fungus Emericellopsis salmosynnemata. Peptaibols are known to be of potential usefulness for chemotherapeutic applications, as are other secondary fungal metabolites.

Gaseous superoxide potentiation of the effect of nonnarcotic analgesics in low doses.

The action of inhalation of gaseous superoxide on the effects of low doses of nonnarcotic analgesics was studied on volunteers in the little finger compression test. After administration of placebo, inhalation of gaseous superoxide produced a negligible transient decrease in pain tolerance threshold. Inhalation of gaseous superoxide potentiated the effects of threshold doses of novalgin and aspirin and prolonged their action, but did not modulate the analgesic effect of diclofenac.

Improvements in the selective perception and training of rats using an original analog of the C-terminal fragment of vasopressin.

This report presents studies on the effects of intranasal administration of five doses (0.001, 0.01, 0.

The effects of a novel analog of the C-terminal fragment of vasopressin on the behavior of white rats.

The effects of an arginine-vasopressin fragment, Ac-D-MPRG, on the movement activity and orientational-investigative activity of white rats were studied. Peptide was given intranasally at doses of 0.001, 0.

The effects of analogs of the C-terminal fragment of arginine-vasopressin on the dynamics of development of a conditioned active avoidance response in rats.

This paper reports studies of the effects of original analogs of the C-terminal fragment AVP(6-9), D-MPR and D-MPRG, on the development of a conditioned active avoidance response in rats; agents were given intranasally over a wide range of doses. The most effective does of D-MPR was 0.1 microgram/kg, and the most effective dose of D-MPRG was 0.