Assessing the Current State of USA-Based Disaster Medicine Fellowships.

Objectives: This study aimed to understand the current landscape of USA-based disaster medicine (DM) programs through the lens of alumni and program directors (PDs). The data obtained from this study will provide valuable information to future learners as they ponder careers in disaster medicine and allow PDs to refine curricular offerings.

Methods: Two separate surveys were sent to USA-based DM program directors and alumni.

Analysis of Disparities in the Initial Health Care Response to the February 2023 Earthquakes in Turkey and Syria.

Objectives: This study analyzes disparities in initial health care responses in Turkey and Syria following the 2023 earthquakes.

Methods: Using Humanitarian Data Exchange, Crude Mortality Rates (CMR) and injury rates in both countries were calculated, and temporal trends of death tolls and injuries in the first month post- catastrophe were compared. World Health Organization (WHO) Flash Appeal estimated funding requirements, and ratios of humanitarian aid personnel in Urban Search and Rescue (USAR) teams per population from ReliefWeb and MAPACTION data were used to gauge disparities.

Pediatric disaster preparedness curriculum across emergency medicine residencies.

Objective: To assess pediatric disaster medicine (PDM) instruction in emergency medicine (EM) residency programs and to identify barriers to integrating these skills into EM training.

Methods: National survey study of United States EM Residency Program Directors (PDs) and Assistant PDs during the 2021-2022 academic year.

Results: Of the 186 EM residency programs identified, a total of 24 responses were recorded with a response rate of 12.

Management and outcome of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in blast phase in the tyrosine kinase inhibitor era - analysis of the European LeukemiaNet Blast Phase Registry.

Blast phase (BP) of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) still represents an unmet clinical need with a dismal prognosis. Due to the rarity of the condition and the heterogeneity of the biology and clinical presentation, prospective trials and concise treatment recommendations are lacking. Here we present the analysis of the European LeukemiaNet Blast Phase Registry, an international collection of the clinical presentation, treatment and outcome of blast phases which had been diagnosed in CML patients after 2015.

Diagnosing and Treating Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm in a Resource-Limited Setting.

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare and aggressive hematological malignancy with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. This case report presents the clinical course and management of a 62-year-old man with BPDCN in a resource-limited setting. The patient presented with constitutional symptoms and abnormal complete blood count findings.

Changes in attachment and metabolic activity of rat neonatal cardiomyocytes and nonmyocytes caused by Macrovipera lebetina obtusa venom.

The Caucasian viper Macrovipera lebetina obtusa (MLO) is one of the most prevalent and venomous snakes in the Caucasus and the surrounding regions, yet the effects of MLO venom on cardiac function remain largely unknown. We examined the influence of MLO venom (crude and with inhibited metalloproteinases and phospholipase A) on attachment and metabolic activity of rat neonatal cardiomyocytes (CM) and nonmyocytes (nCM), assessed at 1 and 24 h. After exposing both CM and nCM to varying concentrations of MLO venom, we observed immediate cytotoxic effects at a concentration of 100 μg/ml, causing detachment from the culture substrate.

Syndromic Surveillance Implementation During Disaster Events.

Introduction: Disease surveillance is an integral part of public health. These systems monitor disease trends and detect outbreaks, whereas they should be evaluated for efficacy. The United States Centres for Disease Control and Prevention publish Guidelines for Evaluating Surveillance Systems to encourage efficient and effective use of public health surveillance that are accepted worldwide.

Combating the Opioid Crisis and Its National Security Threat Through CReDO: A Multidisciplinary Solution With Disaster Medicine Implications.

For the first time in history, the United States surpassed 100 000 overdose-related deaths in a 12-month period, driven by synthetic opioids such as fentanyl. Also, for the first time, potential chemical weapons are readily available on the streets and the dark web. Opioids represent a rare trifecta, used for licit pain management, as an illicit drug of abuse, and with potential use as a weapon of terror.

Factors associated with international humanitarian aid appeal for disasters from 1995 to 2015: A retrospective database study.

Introduction: International humanitarian aid during disasters should be needs-based and coordinated in response to appeals from affected governments. We identify disaster and population factors associated with international aid appeal during disasters and hence guide preparation by international humanitarian aid providers.

Methods: In this retrospective database analysis, we searched the Emergency Events Database for all disasters from 1995 to 2015.

Threat awareness training for non-governmental organizations deploying humanitarian aid workers into conflict environments.

Introduction: The current war in Ukraine and the subsequent deployment of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) from around the world has highlighted the many potential dangers faced by humanitarian aid workers operating in conflict zones. Humanitarian aid workers may face both direct and indirect threats and aggression while on deployment, and given the rising number of global conflicts, the authors postulate a need to incorporate threat awareness training as part of pre-deployment training.

Methods: A list of the top 22 rated NGOs providing international aid was obtained from CharityWatch.

The Contribution of Phospholipase A and Metalloproteinases to the Synergistic Action of Viper Venom on the Bioenergetic Profile of Vero Cells.

Increasing concern about the use of animal models has stimulated the development of in vitro cell culture models for analysis of the biological effects of snake venoms. However, the complexity of animal venoms and the extreme synergy of the venom components during envenomation calls for critical review and analysis. The epithelium is a primary target for injected viper venom's toxic substances, and therefore, is a focus in modern toxinology.

Crisis leadership: a case for inclusion in accredited Master of Public Health program curricula.

Objectives: To evaluate the exposure to crisis leadership theory already present in Council on Education for Public Health (CEPH) accredited Master of Public Health (MPH) programs in the United States and provide a compelling case for its future inclusion.

Study Design: This was a narrative review.

Methods: We compiled a comprehensive list of 179 CEPH schools that offered an MPH program.

Liver growth prediction in ALPPS - A multicenter analysis from the international ALPPS registry.

Background: While ALPPS triggers a fast liver hypertrophy, it is still unclear which factors matter most to achieve accelerated hypertrophy within a short period of time. The aim of the study was to identify patient-intrinsic factors related to the growth of the future liver remnant (FLR).

Methods: This cohort study is composed of data derived from the International ALPPS Registry from November 2011 and October 2018.

Entropy Stabilization Effects and Ion Migration in 3D "Hollow" Halide Perovskites.

A recently discovered new family of 3D halide perovskites with the general formula (A)()(Pb)(X) (A = MA, FA; X = Br, I; MA = methylammonium, FA = formamidinium, = ethylenediammonium) is referred to as "hollow" perovskites owing to extensive Pb and X vacancies created on incorporation of cations in the 3D network. The "hollow" motif allows fine tuning of optical, electronic, and transport properties and bestowing good environmental stability proportional to loading. To shed light on the origin of the apparent stability of these materials, we performed detailed thermochemical studies, using room temperature solution calorimetry combined with density functional theory simulations on three different families of "hollow" perovskites namely /FAPbI, /MAPbI, and /FAPbBr.

Hemorrhagic changes and microglia activation induced by venom with the inhibited enzymatic activity in rat brain.

The metalloproteinases and phospholipase A are the main enzymes in the venom of that play a decisive role in the destructive and toxic effects on the organism of the prey. Metalloproteinases cause hemorrhagic damage, destroy the basement membrane of the blood vessel and disrupt the connections between endothelial cells. Phospholipase A2 causes hemolysis of erythrocytes, destroy the cell membranes, and inhibits the adhesion of platelets and so on.

Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic properties of essential oil, rich with β-caryophyllene and β-caryophyllene oxide.

Background: Essential oils are of great interest for their analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. We aimed to study the content of the essential oil of the Origanum vulgare of the Armenian highlands (OVA) in different periods of vegetation and to investigate its antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in mice (in vivo) and cytotoxic action in cultured cells (in vitro). OVA essential oil was extracted from fresh plant material by hydro-distillation.

Variance Analysis of Expatriate Pre-Hospital Provider Training in Bahrain.

Introduction: The absence of local Emergency Medical Services (EMS) educational programs in Bahrain has given rise to an EMS workforce comprised predominantly of expatriate personnel with varying educational backgrounds that require further training before being licensed as EMS providers in Bahrain.

Methods: A qualitative variance analysis was performed comparing desired core competencies for EMS practice in neighbouring Saudi Arabia, used as a comparator for Bahrain, with core competencies extracted from national curricula of the major countries from which expatriate providers originate.

Results: Major core competencies not covered by the expatriate providers' curricula were identified as follows: working in an autonomous environment, requiring different critical thinking and decision-making skills, assessment and treatment during transportation, disaster response, EMS knowledge base, and coping with the different stressors of the prehospital environment.

Overview of Cancer Control in Armenia and Policy Implications.

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in Armenia. Over the past two decades, the country has seen a significant rise in cancer morbidity and mortality. This review aims to provide up-to-date info about the state of cancer control in Armenia and identify priority areas of research.

Developing Telemedicine Curriculum Competencies for Graduate Medical Education: Outcomes of a Modified Delphi Process.

Purpose: Telemedical applications have only recently begun to coalesce into the field of telemedicine due to varying definitions of telemedicine and issues around reimbursement. This process has been accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic and the ensuing expansion of telemedicine delivery. This article demonstrates the development of a set of proposed competencies for a telemedicine curriculum in graduate medical education.

A Comparison of Order-Disorder in Several Families of Cubic Oxides.

Order-disorder on both cation and oxygen sites is a hallmark of fluorite-derived structures, including pyrochlores. Ordering can occur on long- and short-range scales and can result in persistent metastable states. In various cubic oxide systems, different types of disorder are seen.

The Psychosocial Impact of Compounding Humanitarian Crises Caused by War and COVID-19 Informing Future Disaster Response.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused the greatest global loss of life and economic impact due to a respiratory virus since the 1918 influenza pandemic. While health care systems around the world faced the enormous challenges of managing COVID-19 patients, health care workers in the Republic of Armenia were further tasked with caring for the surge of casualties from a concurrent, large-scale war. These compounding events put a much greater strain on the health care system, creating a complex humanitarian crisis that resulted in significant psychosocial consequences for health care workers in Armenia.

Trend Analysis on Road Traffic Collision Occurrence in Nigeria.

Objectives: Road traffic collisions (RTC) result in a significant number of preventable deaths worldwide. In 2010, the United Nations General Assembly launched, "The Decade of Action for Road Safety (2011-2020)" with the stated goal to "reduce road traffic deaths and injuries by 50% by 2020." This study aims to analyze trends in RTC numbers and subsequent deaths with respect to road safety laws in Nigeria and to suggest suitable interventions.

The Holy Month of Ramadan: Mass-Gathering Event Implications for Hospital Surge Capacity Planning in Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: The goal of this study is to determine the impact of the Holy Month of Ramadan on emergency department (ED) and hospital resource utilization in comparison to the time of Hajj and the rest of the year, so as to better define future resource needs of hospitals responding to events of this large size and duration.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted of electronic medical records, ED visits, and hospital admissions during Ramadan, Hajj, and all other months over a three-year period on the Hijra calendar (1438-1440) or Gregorian (2016-2019). Primary outcomes were the change in the number of ED visits, hospital admissions, and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions during Ramadan in comparison to during Hajj and other months.