"Pivoting" by food industry firms to cope with COVID-19 in developing regions: E-commerce and "copivoting" delivery intermediaries.

Coronavirus disease 2019 and related lockdown policies in 2020 shocked food industry firms' supply chains in developing regions. Firms "pivoted" to e-commerce to reach consumers and e-procurement to reach processors and farmers. "Delivery intermediaries" copivoted with food firms to help them deliver and procure.

Impacts of COVID-19 on global poverty, food security, and diets: Insights from global model scenario analysis.

This study assesses the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on poverty, food insecurity, and diets, accounting for the complex links between the crisis and the incomes and living costs of vulnerable households. Key elements are impacts on labor supply, effects of social distancing, shifts in demand from services involving close contact, increases in the cost of logistics in food and other supply chains, and reductions in savings and investment. These are examined using IFPRI's global general equilibrium model linked to epidemiological and household models.

The socio-economic impact of running-related injuries: A large prospective cohort study.

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of running-related injuries (RRIs) on activities of daily living (ADL), work, healthcare utilization, and estimated costs.

Design: Prospective cohort study with data from a randomized controlled trial.

Methods: Adult recreational runners who registered for a running event (distances 5 to 42 km) were included in this study.

Monocyte-driven atypical cytokine storm and aberrant neutrophil activation as key mediators of COVID-19 disease severity.

Epidemiological and clinical reports indicate that SARS-CoV-2 virulence hinges upon the triggering of an aberrant host immune response, more so than on direct virus-induced cellular damage. To elucidate the immunopathology underlying COVID-19 severity, we perform cytokine and multiplex immune profiling in COVID-19 patients. We show that hypercytokinemia in COVID-19 differs from the interferon-gamma-driven cytokine storm in macrophage activation syndrome, and is more pronounced in critical versus mild-moderate COVID-19.

Male Wolffian adnexal tumor: the first report of long-term follow-up after radical surgical treatment.

The male Wolffian tumor is an extremely rare case in male patients. Here, we report a patient with such malignancy and successful radical surgical treatment at 15-year follow-up. The clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features are described.

as a cause for prosthetic valve endocarditis and post-sternotomy mediastinitis.

An otherwise healthy patient, with minimal clinical, biochemical and peroperative signs of infection, was diagnosed with prosthetic valve endocarditis by 16S PCR. The patient subsequently developed a post-sternotomy mediastinitis and was the only detected pathogen. can cause severe infections in individuals not classically at risk, and may be missed in the routine diagnostic work-up of endocarditis.

COVID-19 and impacts on global food systems and household welfare: Introduction to a special issue.

The food system, and those who depend on it, have been strongly but unevenly affected by COVID-19. Overall, the impacts on food systems, poverty, and nutrition have been caused by a combination of a generalized economic recession and disruptions in agri-food supply chains. This paper provides an overview of the contributions to this Special Issue of .

Connective Tissue Growth Factor Is Overexpressed in Explant Lung Tissue and Broncho-Alveolar Lavage in Transplant-Related Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Background: Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is an important mediator in several fibrotic diseases, including lung fibrosis. We investigated CTGF-expression in chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) and pulmonary graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).

Materials And Methods: CTGF expression was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry in end-stage CLAD explant lung tissue (bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), n=20; restrictive allograft syndrome (RAS), n=20), pulmonary GHVD (n=9).

Performance of nanoScan PET/CT and PET/MR for quantitative imaging of F and Zr as compared with ex vivo biodistribution in tumor-bearing mice.

Introduction: The assessment of ex vivo biodistribution is the preferred method for quantification of radiotracers biodistribution in preclinical models, but is not in line with current ethics on animal research. PET imaging allows for noninvasive longitudinal evaluation of tracer distribution in the same animals, but systemic comparison with ex vivo biodistribution is lacking. Our aim was to evaluate the potential of preclinical PET imaging for accurate tracer quantification, especially in tumor models.

Association Between T Relaxation Times Derived From Ultrashort Echo Time MRI and Symptoms During Exercise Therapy for Patellar Tendinopathy: A Large Prospective Study.

Background: Exercise therapy is considered preferential treatment for patellar tendinopathy (PT). However, there is conflicting evidence for structural patellar tendon adaptation in response to exercise therapy and its association with symptoms is weak.

Purpose: To assess the association between 1) T relaxation times and symptom severity; 2) baseline T and clinical outcome; and 3) longitudinal T changes and clinical outcome in athletes with PT performing exercise therapy.

High-Intensity Training for 6 Months Safely, but Only Temporarily, Improves Exercise Capacity in Selected Solid Organ Transplant Recipients.

Background: Organ transplantation is a life-saving intervention that improves quality of life of patients with irreversible organ failure. Although exercise training immediately after transplantation has been suggested to be beneficial, such interventions remain rare in stable transplant recipients, whereas effects of high-intensity training (HIT) are even less frequently investigated. Moreover, sustainability of such interventions has not yet been reported.

Effects of eccentric exercises on improving ankle dorsiflexion in soccer players.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of targeted eccentric calf muscle exercises compared to regular training on ankle dorsiflexion in healthy adolescent soccer players with a decreased ankle dorsiflexion.

Methods: Male adolescent players (aged 14-21 years) from two professional soccer clubs were evaluated with the Weight Bearing Dorsiflexion Lunge Test (WBDLT) at baseline and after 12 weeks of this prospective controlled study. One club served as the control group and the other as the intervention group.

Selection Criteria for Lung Transplantation: Controversies and New Developments.

Lung transplantation is an accepted therapeutic option for end-stage lung diseases. The imbalance between limited availability and vast need of donor organs necessitates careful selection of recipient candidates, ensuring the best possible utilization of the scarce resource of organs. Nonetheless, possible lung transplant candidates who could experience a meaningful improvement in survival and quality of life should not be excluded solely based on the complexity of their case.

Antifungal Prophylaxis After Lung Transplantation: Where Are We Now?

Background: Lung transplantation is an important treatment option for various end-stage lung diseases. However, survival remains limited due to graft rejection and infections. Despite that fungal infections are frequent and carry a bad prognosis, there is currently no consensus on efficacy, optimal drug, route, or duration of antifungal prophylaxis.

Agricultural subsidies and global greenhouse gas emissions.

Agricultural production is strongly affected by and a major contributor to climate change. Agriculture and land-use change account for a quarter of total global emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG). Agriculture receives around US$600 billion per year worldwide in government support.

Concomitant use of isavuconazole and CYP3A4/5 inducers: Where pharmacogenetics meets pharmacokinetics.

Background: Isavuconazole is a triazole antifungal drug, approved for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis and mucormycosis. Isavuconazole is metabolised by CYP3A4 and CYP3A5, and it has been shown that the CYP3A inducer rifampin reduces isavuconazole exposure. By extrapolation, the concomitant use of isavuconazole with moderate and strong CYP450 inducers is contraindicated, although it is known that some CYP450 inducers are less potent in comparison with rifampin.

Sex differences in the association of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes with microvascular complications and function: The Maastricht Study.

Background: Women with type 2 diabetes are disproportionally affected by macrovascular complications; we here investigated whether this is also the case for microvascular complications and retinal microvascular measures.

Methods: In a population-based cohort study of individuals aged 40-75 years (n = 3410; 49% women, 29% type 2 diabetes (oversampled by design)), we estimated sex-specific associations, and differences therein, of (pre)diabetes (reference: normal glucose metabolism), and of continuous measures of glycemia with microvascular complications and retinal measures (nephropathy, sensory neuropathy, and retinal arteriolar and venular diameters and dilatation). Sex differences were analyzed using regression models with interaction terms (i.

Are pain coping strategies and neuropathic pain associated with a worse outcome after conservative treatment for Achilles tendinopathy? A prospective cohort study.

Objectives: To analyse whether (1) passive or active pain coping strategies and (2) presence of neuropathic pain component influences the change of Achilles tendinopathy (AT) symptoms over a course of 24 weeks in conservatively-treated patients.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Methods: Patients with clinically-diagnosed chronic midportion AT were conservatively treated.

Symbiont switching and trophic mode shifts in Orchidaceae.

Mycorrhizal fungi are central to the biology of land plants. However, to what extent mycorrhizal shifts - broad evolutionary transitions in root-associated fungal symbionts - are related to changes in plant trophic modes remains poorly understood. We built a comprehensive DNA dataset of Orchidaceae fungal symbionts and a dated plant molecular phylogeny to test the hypothesis that shifts in orchid trophic modes follow a stepwise pattern, from autotrophy over partial mycoheterotrophy (mixotrophy) to full mycoheterotrophy, and that these shifts are accompanied by switches in fungal symbionts.

Improved One-Class Modeling of High-Dimensional Metabolomics Data via Eigenvalue-Shrinkage.

One-class modelling is a useful approach in metabolomics for the untargeted detection of abnormal metabolite profiles, when information from a set of reference observations is available to model "normal" or baseline metabolite profiles. Such outlying profiles are typically identified by comparing the distance between an observation and the reference class to a critical limit. Often, multivariate distance measures such as the Mahalanobis distance (MD) or principal component-based measures are used.

Prediction of Microscopic Metastases in Patients with Metachronous Oligo-Metastases after Curative Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Microsimulation Study.

Metachronous oligo-metastatic disease is variably defined as one to five metastases detected after a disease-free interval and treatment of the primary tumour with curative intent. Oligo-metastases in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are often treated with curative intent. However additional metastases are often detected later in time, and the 5-year survival is low.

Venous Thromboembolism in Patients Discharged after COVID-19 Hospitalization.

Background:  Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a frequent complication of COVID-19, so that the importance of adequate in-hospital thromboprophylaxis in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 is well established. However, the incidence of VTE after discharge and whether postdischarge thromboprophylaxis is beneficial and safe are unclear. In this prospective observational single-center study, we report the incidence of VTE 6 weeks after hospitalization and the use of postdischarge thromboprophylaxis.