Treatments and Treatment Predictors in Patients With Substance Use Disorders and Comorbid Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: First Results From the International Naturalistic Cohort Study of ADHD and SUD (INCAS).

Treatment of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in patients with a substance use disorder (SUD) and comorbid ADHD (SUD +ADHD) may have positive effects on the outcome of both conditions, but controversy exists regarding the preferred ADHD treatment in these patients. Little is known about the treatments that are provided for these patients in routine addiction care practice and the factors that are associated with treatment provision. To describe the treatments provided in everyday clinical practice and to explore factors associated with ADHD treatment provision in patients with SUD +ADHD.

Reduction of Psychosis Proneness in a Daycare Hospital Program for Patients with Severe Alcohol Use Disorder.

Objectives: Anxiety and depressive symptoms, as well as cognitive dysfunctions, improve with abstinence in individuals with alcohol use disorders (AUD), but less is known about psychotic features. The objective of this study was to evaluate the psychosis proneness in a sample of individuals with severe AUD and potential changes after alcohol withdrawal.

Method: An observational study was conducted, assessing prospectively Peter's Delusional Inventory scale (PDI); anxiety and depression symptoms by MADRS and cognitive functioning by the MoCA at entry in daycare hospital (D0) and after 30 days (D30).

The human VGLUT3-pT8I mutation elicits uneven striatal DA signaling, food or drug maladaptive consumption in male mice.

Cholinergic striatal interneurons (ChIs) express the vesicular glutamate transporter 3 (VGLUT3) which allows them to regulate the striatal network with glutamate and acetylcholine (ACh). In addition, VGLUT3-dependent glutamate increases ACh vesicular stores through vesicular synergy. A missense polymorphism, VGLUT3-p.

Compared implementation of the long-acting buprenorphine treatment buvidal in four European countries.

Background: Buvidal is the only depot buprenorphine currently available in Europe. Buvidal offers a new treatment paradigm, which may require some adjustment in the national regulatory frameworks for opioid agonist treatments (OATs), as well as the national care systems.

Research Design And Methods: Data on the national dissemination of Buvidal, types of populations treated, and the national regulatory framework and care organization system through which Buvidal has been implemented were compared between the UK, Finland, Spain, and France, using a qualitative survey.

Brain alterations in Cocaine Use Disorder: Does the route of use matter and does it relate to the treatment outcome?

Aims: Cocaine Use Disorder (CUD) is an important health issue, associated with structural brain abnormalities. However, the impact of the route of administration and their predictive value for relapse remain unknown.

Methods: We conducted an anatomical MRI study in 55 CUD patients (26 CUD-Crack and 29 CUD-Hydro) entering inpatient detoxification, and 38 matched healthy controls.

Predictors of abstinence maintenance after cocaine inpatient detoxification: A prospective study.

Background And Objectives: Cocaine is a highly addictive substance, and with no approved medication for cocaine use disorder (CUD), leading to a heavy burden. Despite validated psychosocial treatments, relapse rates after detoxification are very high in CUD. Few consistent factors can predict abstinence after detoxification.

Hospitalized cocaine detoxification patients in Paris, France: Increased patient levels and changing population characteristics since 2011.

Aim Of The Study: The past twenty years have seen a rise in cocaine-related statistics in France, including cocaine use in the general population, emergency ward presentations of acute cocaine intoxication, cocaine use disorders related outpatient appointments and cocaine-related deaths. This study's objectives were to describe trends in patients' admission for specific cocaine detoxification as well as changes in patients' characteristics in the Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) hospitals group located in Paris region, France.

Methods: We reviewed the international classification of diseases 10 edition (ICD-10) discharge codes of the AP-HP hospitals group between 2011 and 2021.

USP7/Maged1-mediated H2A monoubiquitination in the paraventricular thalamus: an epigenetic mechanism involved in cocaine use disorder.

The risk of developing drug addiction is strongly influenced by the epigenetic landscape and chromatin remodeling. While histone modifications such as methylation and acetylation have been studied in the ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens (NAc), the role of H2A monoubiquitination remains unknown. Our investigations, initially focused on the scaffold protein melanoma-associated antigen D1 (Maged1), reveal that H2A monoubiquitination in the paraventricular thalamus (PVT) significantly contributes to cocaine-adaptive behaviors and transcriptional repression induced by cocaine.

Behavioral sensitization to psychostimulants and opioids: What is known in rodents and what still needs to be explored in humans?

Repeated exposure to substances of abuse results in an increase in some behavioral responses. This phenomenon, called behavioral sensitization (BS), is well described in preclinical models. However, its existence in humans is still a matter of debate.

A single case report of STN-DBS for severe crack-cocaine dependence: double-blind ON vs. SHAM randomized controlled assessment.

Crack-cocaine dependence is a severe condition with a high mortality rate. This single case study report details the first deep brain stimulation (DBS) trial targeting the sub-thalamic nucleus (STN) for crack-cocaine dependence. The investigation aimed to assess the effects of STN-DBS on cocaine craving and cocaine use, as well as STN-DBS safety and tolerance in this indication.

Sex-related differences in the efficacy of Baclofen enantiomers on self-administered alcohol in a binge drinking pattern and dopamine release in the core of the nucleus accumbens.

Clinical studies on the effectiveness of Baclofen in alcohol use disorder (AUD) yielded mixed results possibly because of differential effects of the enantiomers and sex-related differences. Here we examined the effect of the different Baclofen enantiomers on alcohol intake and on evoked dopamine release in the core of the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) in male and female Long Evans rats. Rats were trained to chronically self-administer 20% alcohol solution in daily binge drinking sessions and were treated with the different forms of Baclofen [RS(±), R(+) and S(-)].

A specific cognitive behavioral group therapy program for stimulant use disorder.

Introduction: Stimulant use is an important health issue. In the US in 2018, 2.8% of males and 1.

Plasma tau, NfL, GFAP and UCHL1 as candidate biomarkers of alcohol withdrawal-associated brain damage: A pilot study.

In this translational study, we investigated the plasma tau protein, neurofilament light chain (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1), which are established biomarkers of neurological injury, as predictive biomarkers of alcohol withdrawal-associated brain toxicity. In the clinical study, patients with severe alcohol use disorder (AUD) on D1 of hospitalization for alcohol cessation (AC) (N = 36) were compared to severe AUD patients with at least 3 months of abstinence (N = 16). Overall, patients were 40 men (76.

Alcohol Withdrawal Is an Oxidative Stress Challenge for the Brain: Does It Pave the Way toward Severe Alcohol-Related Cognitive Impairment?

Alcohol use is a leading cause of mortality, brain morbidity, neurological complications and minor to major neurocognitive disorders. Alcohol-related neurocognitive disorders are consecutive to the direct effect of chronic and excessive alcohol use, but not only. Indeed, patients with severe alcohol use disorders (AUD) associated with pharmacological dependence suffer from repetitive events of alcohol withdrawal (AW).

The clinical course of comorbid substance use disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: protocol and clinical characteristics of the INCAS study.

Background: Substance use disorders (SUD) often co-occur with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Although the short-term effects of some specific interventions have been investigated in randomized clinical trials, little is known about the long-term clinical course of treatment-seeking SUD patients with comorbid ADHD.

Aims: This paper presents the protocol and baseline clinical characteristics of the International Naturalistic Cohort Study of ADHD and SUD (INCAS) designed and conducted by the International Collaboration on ADHD and Substance Abuse (ICASA) foundation.

Biomarkers of Relapse in Cocaine Use Disorder: A Narrative Review.

Introduction: Cocaine use disorder is a chronic disease with severe consequences and a high relapse rate. There is a critical need to explore the factors influencing relapse in order to achieve more efficient treatment outcomes. Furthermore, there is a great need for easy-to-measure, repeatable, and valid biomarkers that can predict treatment response or relapse.

Patients With Severe Alcohol-Related Cognitive Impairment Improve in Flexibility When Abstinence Is Maintained: A Comparative Study With Alzheimer's Disease.

The disease progression of severe alcohol-related cognitive impairment (ARCI) is debated. The aim of this study was to compare the cognitive change of patients with severe ARCI in inpatient setting to that of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Fifteen consecutive patients with severe ARCI were recruited between 2013 and 2015.

Feasibility of an Extensive Strategy for Adult Diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among Patients Suffering From Substance Use Disorders.

Introduction: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is found in up to 20% adults with Substance Use Disorder (SUD). ADHD + SUD is associated with a more complex clinical presentation and poorer outcomes than each disorder alone. In the presence of SUD, adult ADHD is particularly difficult to diagnose as both disorders can mimic or hide the symptoms of each other.

Occurrence and severity of cocaine-induced hallucinations: Two distinct phenotypes with shared clinical factors but specific genetic risk factors.

Unlabelled: Cocaine-induced transient hallucinations (CIH) are a frequent complication following cocaine intake that is associated with addiction severity.

Methods: Two hundred and forty-two non-psychotic and Caucasian lifetime cocaine users were included in a French multicentric study. Clinical variables and dopamine pathway genotype data were extracted and tested with CIH scores using a zero-inflated binomial model, which allows for the exploration of factors associated with occurrence and severity separately.