Functional Phenotype of Alveolar Macrophages Features in Rats with Metabolic Syndrome.

Phenotypic characteristics of alveolar macrophages in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid as well as their ability to acquire the M1 and M2 phenotypes during in vitro culturing with reprogramming factors were studied in rats with modeled diet-induced metabolic syndrome. A decrease in the number of alveolar macrophages with the M1 phenotype was found in animals with metabolic syndrome. The factors of metabolic syndrome do not affect phenotypic plasticity of cells in culture, but under the action of M2 reprogramming factors, the cells demonstrate a wide range of phenotypic plasticity by the CD80 and CD206 markers.

Airway Smooth Muscles Contractions in Metabolic Syndrome.

We studied contractile responses of isolated airway smooth muscle segments from rats with metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome was induced in rats by high-fat and high-carbohydrate diet. It was shown that metabolic syndrome was associated with an increase of bronchoconstrictor action of cholinergic receptor activator carbacholine (0.

Clathrate Hydrates of Organic Solvents as Auxiliary Intermediates in Pharmaceutical Research and Development: Improving Dissolution Behaviour of a New Anti-Tuberculosis Drug, Perchlozon.

There is an urgent need for new drugs to overcome the challenge of the ever-growing drug resistance towards tuberculosis. A new, highly efficient anti-tuberculosis drug, Perchlozone (thioureidoiminomethylpyridinium perchlorate, Pz), is only available in an oral dosage form, though injectable forms and inhalation solutions could be better alternatives, offering higher bioavailability. To produce such forms, nano- and micro-particles of APIs would need to be prepared as dispersions with carriers.

PECULIARITIES OF DISTRIBUTION OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT STRAINS OF E. COLI - E. FAECALIS ASSOCIATION IN THE UROGENITAL TRACT OF PREGNANT WOMEN.

Objective: The aim: To investigate the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains from the association of E. coli - E. faecalis in the urogenital tract of pregnant women.

[Sarcoidosis with Cardiac Involvement and Monoclonal Gammopathy].

The article presented a clinical case of 8-year follow-up of a patient with a relatively beneficial course of pulmonary sarcoidosis and intrathoracic lymph nodes and with gradually progressing myocardial injury. A specific feature of the case was that the patient had monoclonal gammopathy, which is extremely rarely reported. Morphological signs of paraproteinemic hemoblastosis and amyloidosis were not observed.

[Comorbidity of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Cardiovascular Diseases: Place of Therapy with Modern β-Adrenoblockers].

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth largest cause of worldwide mortality.  Presence of comorbidities is registered in 96% of COPD patients. The most important of these are cardiovascular diseases (coronary artery disease, arterial hypertension, chronic heart failure), which contribute to COPD patients' mortality in every third case.

The interaction effect of angiogenesis and endothelial dysfunction-related gene variants increases the susceptibility of recurrent pregnancy loss.

Purpose: The role of genetic polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) has been studied intensively. Complex diseases, including miscarriage, are believed to have a polygenic basis, and gene-gene interactions can play a significant role in the etiology of the disease. This study was conducted to investigate the association of gene-gene interactions with angiogenesis, endothelial dysfunction-related gene polymorphisms, and RPL.

[Not Available].

In this article we present a clinical case of a quick recovery and restoration of pulmonary function after withdrawal of amiodarone in a patient with drug-associated acute lung injury induced by intake of amiodarone for two months.

[A CASE OF FAMILIAL PULMONARY AND HEPATIC ECHINOCOCCOSIS)].

Echinococcus granulosus still remains a widespread disease. Moreover, there is a large number of patients in whom it is diagnosed rather late because its clinical presentation can be unspecific and symptoms vary. We report a familial case of the disease.

[MODERN APPROACH TO THERAPY OF PATIENTS WITH IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY FIBROSIS].

A case of the treatment of a patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with pirfenidone and nintedanib is reported with reference to the role of these medications in therapy of his condition in the context of modern theory of its pathogenesis.

[DEFINITION OF WOMEN REPRODUCTIVE TRACT MICROFLORA COMPOSITION USING TEST-SYSTEM "FEMOFLOR-17"].

The data about composition of the vaginal microflora of women with use of the test system "Femoflor-17" was analyzed. Established that 92.7% of samples contained lactobacilli.

[Featuring pathogenicity factors in biofilm-forming and no-biofilm forming strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis].

A comparative study of the manifestation of pathogenicity factors: hemolytic, lipase, letsytinase activity and ability to adhere in 20 film-forming and 17 non-film-forming strains of S. epidermidis. Studying pathogenicity factors of the film-forming strains it was found that complete hemolysis and lipase activity shown was by all the film-forming strains of S.

Using the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization for the analysis of flavonoid glycosides in objects of plant origin.

Data are presented on chemical study of flavonoid glycosides in some botanical subjects using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization, compared to HPLC. The method of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) allows characterizing the composition of anthocyanin and flavonoid mixture without preliminary separation of components with minimal sample preparation, which greatly simplifies identification of bioactive phytogenic compounds.

Cytokine-secreting activity of blood eosinophils in pulmonary tuberculosis.

Modern immunological studies showed that eosinophilic granulocytes producing the key mediators of cellular and humoral immune response contribute to the common cytokine imbalance developing in tuberculous infection. A significant increase in BCG-induced secretion of IL-2, IL-5, and TNF-α by eosinophils in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis indicated high reserve reactivity of eosinophilic cells realizing their functional potential in regulation of the specific resistance reactions of the microorganism under conditions of M. tuberculosis infection.

[The immune stressor effects of T-regulatory cells under infiltrative tuberculosis of lungs].

The article deals with the characteristics of sup-population composition of T-regulator: cells with suppressor activity and production of immunoregulatory cytokines suppressing immune response (IL-10, TGF-beta) in patients with infiltrative tuberculosis of lungs. It is proved that the leading role in formation of immunodepression and tuberculin anergy under infiltrative tuberculosis of lungs is played by T-regulatory, cells with phenotype CD4+CD25+Foxp3+. It is demonstrated that the immunodepression mediated by cytokine production is connected with increasing of both basal and BCG-induced secretion of IL-10 on the background of decrease of level of production of TGF-beta by mononuclear leukocytes in vitro.

[Subpopulation structure of T-regulatory cells and proliferative response of blood lymphocytes in vitro under pulmonary tuberculosis].

Subpopulation structure of T-regulatory cells and proliferative activity of blood lymphocytes in vitro in patients with different clinical forms of pulmonary tuberculosis were studied in this work. It has been shown that Trn--natural T-regulatory lymphocytes (CD4+CD25+Foxp3+) play a leading role in formation of immune suppression under infiltrative, disseminated and fibrosis-cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis. Besides, their number is increased in blood of both tuberculin-positive and tuberculin-negative patients.

Antagonistic Action of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria in Relation to Staphylococcus aureus and Their Influence on the Immune Response in Cases of Intravaginal Staphylococcosis in Mice.

The antibacterial activity of Lactobacillus casei IMV B-7280, Lact. acidophilus IMV B-7279, Bifidobacterium longum VK1, and B. bifidum VK2 strains or their various compositions in relation to Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and on models of experimental intravaginal staphylococcosis of mice was determined.

Allelic polymorphism of cytokine genes during pulmonary tuberculosis.

Modern immunological and molecular genetic studies showed that tuberculosis is accompanied by an imbalance in the production of immunoregulatory cytokines by mononuclear leukocytes. T allele and homozygous TT genotype of T-330G polymorphism in the IL2 gene, T allele and TT genotype of C-590T polymorphism in the IL4 gene, and CC genotype of A-1188C polymorphism in the IL12B gene are immunogenetic factors that have protective activity against susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis. Susceptibility to tuberculous infection is associated with A1A2 genotype of the polymorphic region +3953 A1/A2 in the IL1B gene; G allele and TG and GG genotypes of T-330G polymorphism in the IL2 gene; C allele and CC and CT genotypes of C-590T polymorphism in the IL4 gene; and AC genotype of the polymorphic region A-1188C in the IL12 gene.

[Allelic polymorphism of the IL-2and IL-4 genes in herpesvirus infection].

Herpesvirus infection is accompanied by imbalance of peripheral mononuclear production of cytokines, by polarizing an immune response by the Th2 pathway. The homozygous TT genotype of T330G polymorphism in the IL-2 gene is an immunogenetic factor that has a protective activity against susceptibility to herpesvirus infection. The risk of progression, the recurrent course of the infection and its poor outcome is positively associated with the heterozygous TG genotype in the IL-2 gene T-330G promoter region and with the homozygous CC type and C allele in the IL-4 gene C-590T promoter region.

[Modulatory effect of isoniazid and rifampicin in vitro on cytokine secretion in pulmonary tuberculosis].

The effects of isoniazid and rifampicin on the peripheral mononuclear production of IL-2, IL-12, IL-10, IFN-gamma, and TGF-beta were evaluated in patients with infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis. Irrespective of the susceptibility of the causative agent to the essential antituberculous drugs, rifampicin was ascertained to initiate increased IL-2 secretion and to reduce the generation of IL-12, IFN-gamma and TGF-beta. Isoniazid suppressed the mononuclear leukocytic production of IFN-gamma in drug-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis, and conversely, stimulated it in the drug-resistant type.

[The molecular-genetic aspects of tubercular infection forecasting and immunotherapy].

In article is presented, the analysis of the data of the literature and own researches, concerning molecular-genetic mechanisms of antimycobacterial immunity infringements. The role of the factors defining features of a current and an outcome of a tubercular infection, namely of immunity system condition, feature of infecting microbic Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain biological properties (a genotype, a spectrum of drag sensitivity/resistance), influence of combined antitubercular chemotherapy is disc issed. The opinion is expressed that the given factors are necessary for taking into consideration for working out methodology the personalised preventive maintenance and correction of immunity infringements during pulmonary tuberculosis.

[Experimental vaginal dysbiosis on the model of white laboratory mice].

Qualitative and quantitative composition of microbiocenosis of urogenital tract (UGT) of mice has been studied. When investigating UGT of mice in norm (n = 8), microorganisms of several genera with following occurrence frequency were detected: Lactobacillus (100%), Streptococcus (100%), Staphylococcus (87.5%), Micrococcus (12.

[Effect of intravaginal administration of antibiotics of different groups on microbiocenosis of the urogenital tract in mice].

The changes of qualitative and quantitative composition of microflora of the urogenital tract have been investigated in mice at intravaginal introduction of antibiotics belonging to Fluorchinolons, Penicillinums and Tetracyclinums. It is established, that the load by antibiotics amoxicilline/clavulanic acid, doxycycline and ofloxacinum results in development of adysbiosis condition in urogenital tract, that is expressed in a significant decrease of quantity of Lactobacilli and increase of occurrence of the representatives of conditionally pathogenous flora (Staphylococcuses, Streptococcuses, representatives of family Enterobacteriaceae). An increase of the ratio between the quantity of anaerobes and aerobes is observed when introducing antibiotic preparations.

[Multidrug pulmonary tuberculosis: sociomedical features and the efficiency of inpatient treatment].

Case histories of 147 patients with new-onset destructive pulmonary tuberculosis (PT) (infiltrative, disseminated, fibrocavernous) with the pathogen of the disease showing multidrug resistance (MDR) were analyzed, by evaluating the efficiency of treatment involving sputum abacillation after termination of the inpatient stage of treatment. A control group included 220 patients with PT of the similar lesion and clinical forms, who preserved drug resistance (DR) to antibacterial agents. Most patients with MDR disseminated destructive PT are young people aged 36.

[Apoptosis and micro- and macroelement composition of lymphocytes in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis].

The paper describes the results of comparatively analyzing the parameters of apoptosis, micro- and macroelement spectrum of peripheral blood lymphocytes in healthy donors and in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary tuberculosis. In drug-responsive and drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis, unidirectional pretreatment changes were generally recorded in the activity of apoptosis and the spectrum of chemical elements of peripheral blood lymphocytes, which were most pronounced after completion of a phase of intensive antituberculosis chemotherapy. After termination of a complete course of the therapy, apoptotic activity lowered with the cationic composition of cells being normalized.