Interlayer Incorporation of A-Elements into MXenes Via Selective Etching of A' from MA'A″C MAX Phases.

MXenes are a large family of two-dimensional materials with a general formula MXT, where M is a transition metal, X = C and/or N, and T represents surface functional groups. MXenes are synthesized by etching A-elements from layered MAX phases with a composition of MAX. As over 20 different chemical elements were shown to form A-layers in various MAX phases, we propose that they can provide an abundant source of very diverse MXene-based materials.

Laser Thermo-Photobiomodulation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

We studied the effect of laser radiation of moderate intensity with a wavelength of 970 nm on the efficiency of colony formation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in vitro. In this case, photobimodulation and thermal heating of MSC occur simultaneously. This combined laser treatment allows increasing the number of colonies by 6 times in comparison with the control and by more than 3 times in comparison with thermal heating alone.

High-yield fabrication of electromechanical devices based on suspended TiCT MXene monolayers.

MXenes, two-dimensional transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, are known for their exceptional electronic and mechanical properties. Yet, the experimental efforts toward the realization of MXene-based nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) combining electrical and mechanical functionalities of MXenes at the nanoscale remain very limited. Here, we demonstrate a high-yield fabrication of the electromechanical devices based on individual suspended monolayer MXene flakes.

Negative photoresponse in TiCT MXene monolayers.

Two-dimensional transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, collectively known as MXenes, are finding numerous applications in many different areas, including optoelectronics and photonics, but there is limited information about their intrinsic photoresponse. In this study, we investigated the visible and near-infrared range photoresponse of TiCT , the most popular MXene material to date. The electrical measurements were performed on devices based on individual monolayer TiCT MXene flakes, which were characterized by a variety of microscopic and spectroscopic methods.

Comparative Morphological Study of the Formation of Reparative Regenerate during Skin Wound Healing in Rats under the Effect of Drugs and Bone Marrow.

We studied the formation of the reparative regenerate of the skin wound in rats under the effect of drug products based on keratan and secretome of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), as well as bone marrow cells (native and exposed to laser radiation with a wavelength of 1.56 μm). Due to the biological affinity for the dermal tissue, keratan preparations being applied to the skin stimulate regeneration of the wound defect.

Nanotoxicity of ZrS Probed in a Bioluminescence Test on Bacteria: The Effect of Evolving HS.

Materials from a large family of transition metal trichalcogenides (TMTCs) attract considerable attention because of their potential applications in electronics, optoelectronics and energy storage, but information on their toxicity is lacking. In this study, we investigated the toxicity of ZrS, a prominent TMTC material, toward photoluminescent bacteria in a bioluminescence test. We found that freshly prepared ZrS suspensions in physiological saline solution with concentrations as high as 1 g/L did not exhibit any toxic effects on the bacteria.

Behavioral Responses and Immune and Cytogenetic Parameters of Food-Restricted Mice.

The experiments on mice showed that subchronic food restriction to 40 and 8% of unrestricted ration is a strong stressor inducing devastation of lymphoid organs, primarily the thymus and spleen. The mice in the group with severe food restriction (8% of normal ration) demonstrated increased front paw grip force. We also observed an increase in spontaneous motor activity in these animals correlated with food restriction.

Differential Expression of Local Immune Response Genes in the Vagina: Implication for the Diagnosis of Vaginal Infections.

Transcription profiles of genes of local immune response were determined in the vagina of women with bacterial vaginosis, aerobic vaginitis, and vulvovaginal candidosis for detection of the most specific immune markers for these vaginal infections. Laboratory diagnosis of the vaginal infections was performed microscopically; the inflammatory reaction in the vagina (leukorrhea) was defined as the presence of >10 white blood cells per field of view. Transcription profiles of IL1b, IL10, IL18, TNFα, TLR4, GATA3, and CD68 were determined using reverse-transcription quantitative real-time PCR.

Highly Selective Gas Sensors Based on Graphene Nanoribbons Grown by Chemical Vapor Deposition.

Despite the recent advances in bottom-up synthesis of different kinds of atomically precise graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) with very diverse physical properties, the translation of these GNRs into electronic devices remains challenging. Among other factors, the electronic characterization of GNRs is hampered by their complex synthesis that often requires custom-made organic precursors and the need for their transfer to dielectric substrates compatible with the conventional device fabrication procedures. In this paper, we demonstrate that uniform electrically conductive GNR films can be grown on arbitrary high-temperature-resistant substrates, such as metals, Si/SiO, or silica glasses, by a simple chemical vapor deposition (CVD) approach based on thermal decomposition of commercially available perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride molecules.

Medium-Dependent Antibacterial Properties and Bacterial Filtration Ability of Reduced Graphene Oxide.

Toxicity of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) has been a topic of multiple studies and was shown to depend on a variety of characteristics of rGO and biological objects of interest. In this paper, we demonstrate that when studying the same dispersions of rGO and fluorescent () bacteria, the outcome of nanotoxicity experiments also depends on the type of culture medium. We show that rGO inhibits the growth of bacteria in a nutrition medium but shows little effect on the behavior of in a physiological saline solution.

Effect of Non-Thermal Plasma on Proliferative Activity and Adhesion of Multipotent Stromal Cells to Scaffolds Developed for Tissue-Engineered Constructs.

We studied the effect of non-thermal argon plasma on proliferative activity of bone marrow multipotent stromal cells in vitro. Treatment of stromal cell suspension with pure argon did not affect their proliferation. The cells treated with non-thermal argon plasma and explanted in the treatment medium demonstrated growth inhibition by 30-40% in comparison with the control.

Nanodomain Engineering for Programmable Ferroelectric Devices.

We introduce a concept of programmable ferroelectric devices composed of two-dimensional (2D) and ferroelectric (FE) materials. It enables precise modulation of the in-plane conductivity of a 2D channel material through nanoengineering FE domains with out-of-plane polarization. The functionality of these new devices has been demonstrated using field-effect transistors (FETs) fabricated with monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS) channels on the Pb(Zr,Ti)O substrates.

[The experience in the application of nikavir in the schemes of perinatal chemoprophylactics of HIV infection: evaluation of the immunological and virusological effectiveness.].

Objectives: The goal of this work was to study the immunological and virological efficacy of the domestic antiretroviral drug nicavir (at the optimal dose, as proven by previous clinical studies) with lamivudine, in comparison with other drugs of the group of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in combination with kaletra in perinatal HIV chemoprophylaxis regimens.

Methods: 658 pregnant women aged 16-39 years and children born to them were examined. The first group (281 people) and the third group (66 people) received the nicavir (manufactured by AZT PHARMA KB LLC) with lamivudine in combination with calyx; the second (281 people) and the fourth (30 people) of the comparison group, stag and zidovudine, respectively, with lamivudine in combination with calyx.

Quasi-1D TiS Nanoribbons: Mechanical Exfoliation and Thickness-Dependent Raman Spectroscopy.

Quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) materials enjoy growing interest due to their unusual physical properties and promise for miniature electronic devices. However, the mechanical exfoliation of quasi-1D materials into thin flakes and nanoribbons received considerably less attention from researchers than the exfoliation of conventional layered crystals. In this study, we investigated the micromechanical exfoliation of representative quasi-1D crystals, TiS whiskers, and demonstrate that they typically split into narrow nanoribbons with very smooth, straight edges and clear signatures of 1D TiS chains.

Comparative Analysis of the Formation of γH2AX Foci in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Exposed to H-Thymidine, Tritium Oxide, and X-Rays Irradiation.

We performed a comparative study of the formation of γН2АХ foci (a marker of DNA doublestrand breaks) in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells after 24-h incubation with Н-thimidin and tritium oxide with low specific activities (50-800 MBq/liter). The dependence of the number of γH2AX foci on specific activity of 3H-thymidine was described by a linear equation y=2.21+43.

Chemical vapor deposition and characterization of two-dimensional molybdenum dioxide (MoO) nanoplatelets.

We report on the chemical vapor deposition synthesis of MoO nanoplatelets by sublimation of MoO and its reduction in a hydrogen atmosphere at 750 °C. When grown on Si/SiO substrates, the platelets primarily assume a rhomboidal shape and have thicknesses ranging from several to tens of nm. The morphology of MoO crystals was found to depend on the chemical nature of substrates.

Reinforced Hybrid Collagen Sponges for Tissue Engineering.

We created an anisotropic material based on collagen sponge and reactive polylactide structured by laser photopolymerization. The combination of collagen with reactive polylactide improves the resistance of the formed matrices to biodegradation in comparison with collagen sponge, while the existence of sites with different mechanical characteristics and cell affinity on the matrix provides directed cell growth during their culturing. It was shown that reinforcement of the collagen sponges 7-fold increased the mean Young's modulus for the hybrid matrix without affecting its cytotoxicity.

[The clinical and microbiological characteristics of oropharyngeal candidiasis in the HIV-infected patients at the late stages of the disease].

Oropharyngeal candidiasis in 512 HIV-infected patients at the late stages of the disease was studied with special reference to the clinical and microbiological characteristics of this condition. The diagnosis was established based on the results of the clinical and microbiological examination of the patients including investigation of the tissue samples taken from the oral cavity and the throat with the use of the device specially developed for this purpose. It was shown that the disease existed in various clinical forms the most common of which were monocomponent pathology represented by pseudomembranous candidiasis in 37.

[All-Russian Consensus on Diagnosis and Treatment of Celiac Disease in Children and Adults].

The paper presents the All-Russian consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of celiac disease in children and adults, which has been elaborated by leading experts, such as gastroenterologists and pediatricians of Russia on the basis of the existing Russian and international guidelines. The consensus approved at the 42nd Annual Scientific Session of the Central Research Institute of Gastroenterology on Principles of Evidence-Based Medicine into Clinical Practice (March 2-3, 2016). The consensus is intended for practitioners engaged in the management and treatment of patients with celiac disease.

Reconstruction of Ligament and Tendon Defects Using Cell Technologies.

We studied the possibility of restoring the integrity of the Achilles tendon in rabbits using autologous multipotent stromal cells. Collagen or gelatin sponges populated with cells were placed in a resorbable Vicryl mesh tube and this tissue-engineered construct was introduced into a defect of the middle part of the Achilles tendon. In 4 months, histological analysis showed complete regeneration of the tendon with the formation of parallel collagen fibers, spindle-shaped tenocytes, and newly formed vessels.

[Ratio of transcription factor PHF10 splice variants in lymphocytes as a molecular marker of Parkinson's disease].

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and causes degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal system of the brain. PHF10 is one of the most important regulatory subunits of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling protein complex, which controls the gene function and chromatin state in neurons. Two alternative RHF10 isoforms, PHF10-P and PHF10-S, replace each other in the complex to change the target gene pattern.

COMPARATIVE EFFICIENCY OF APPLICATION OF DIFFERENT THERAPEUTIC SCHEMES FOR POST-CONTACT PREVENTION OF HIV INFECTION IN HEALTH PROVIDERS.

Aim: Comparative assessment of the efficiency of application of different therapeutic schemes for post-contact prevention (PCP) of HIV infection in health providers.

Methods: Medical personnel that had professional contacts with HIV-infected patients (n=44) were given medications for PCP. 19 of them (group 1) used phosphazide, 25 (group 2) combivir (lamivudine + zidovudine) in combination with kaletra for 4 weeks after the contact.

[Determination of the concentration of platelet serotonin for the prediction of the two-wave course of tick-borne encephalitis].

The paper gives the results of an investigation of platelet serotonin levels in patients with tick-borne encephalitis to determine a criterion for predicting the development of its to-wave course. Fifty-five patients were examined at the height of tick-borne encephalitis (in the first 2-4 days): Group 1 included 39 patients with a one-wave course of the disease; Group 2 consisted of 16 patients with its two-wave course. Platelet serotonin concentrations were determined by enzyme immunoassay.

Effects of acoustic and EHF impulses on multipotent stromal cells during formation of bone marrow containing heterotopic organs in tissue engineered constructions.

We studied the effects of physical factors (acoustic impulses of laser-induced hydrodynamics, AILIH, and EHF-radiation) on the formation of heterotopic bone marrow organs. Suspension of precipitated mouse bone marrow cells was exposed to AILIH and EHF or their combinations (AILIH+EHF, EHF+AILIH). The developed tissue engineering constructions (gelatin sponges containing 107 nucleated bone marrow cells exposed to physical factors) were transplanted under the renal capsule of syngeneic mice.