Characterization of Extracellular Yeast Peptide Factors and Their Stress-Protective Effect on Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria.

Protective effect of the extracellular peptide fraction (reactivating factors, RF) produced by yeasts of various taxonomic groups (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces lactis, Candida utilis, and Yarrowia li- polytica) on probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) Lactobacillus casei, L. acidophilus,'and L. reuteri under bile salt (BS)-induced stress was shown.

[Reactivating factor of Luteococcus japonicus subsp. casei: isolation and characterization].

It has been shown that a producer strain of reactivating factor (RF) is identical to a typical strain of Luteococcus japonicus DSM 10546 from the Propionibacteriaceae family according to the physiological and biochemical properties and the sequencing of 16S rRNA fragments. A number of phenotypical differences from the model strain allowed the producer strain to be considered a subspecies of Luteococcus japonicus, and it was named Luteococcus japonicus subsp. casei.

[Biological effect of extracellular peptide factor from Lateococcus japonicas subsp. casei on probiotic bacteria].

The biological effect of the extracellular peptide reactivating factor (RF) from Luteococcus casei on cells of probiotic cultures was studied. The RF showed the protective and reactivating effects on the Bifidobacterium bifidum cells under the action of bile salts and an acidic stress. Also, it acted as a cryoprotector during lyophilisation and long-term culture storage.

[Antistress cross-effects of extracellular metabolites of bacteria, archaea, and yeasts: a review].

This paper reviews examples of specific and global responses of microorganisms and the characteristics of stress responses involving extracellular signaling metabolites. Information regarding the protective and reactivating effects produced by active exometabolites of representatives of domains of bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes is summarized, and interdomain cross-responses to stressors are demonstrated.

[Stress-protective and cross action of the extracellular reactivating factor of the microorganisms of the domains Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryota].

Cross protection of members of the domains Bacteria, Archaea, and lower Eukaryota from stress factors due to the action of extracellular low-molecular metabolites with adaptogenic functions was shown. The adaptogen produced by Luteococcus japonicus subsp. casei and described previously as a reactivating factor (RF) was shown to protect the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae, archaea Haloarcula marismorti, and the cells of higher eukaryotes (HeLa) against weak stressor impacts.

[Antistress cross-protection of UV irradiated yeast cells with participation of extracellular peptide factors].

Antistress effect of extracellular peptides on UV irradiated yeast of different phylogenetic groups was studied. Yeast from different ecotopes and taxonomic groups exposed to UV radiation of a lethal intensity showed a protective effect and reactivating effect with participation of extracellular peptides. The highest protective activity was found in peptide reactivation factors (RFs) of bakery yeast-Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces fragilis, and Candida utilis; the highest reactivating activity was exhibited by factors of the above-mentioned cultures and Debariomyces hansenii.

[The regional characteristics of the hygienic evaluation of biological contamination of superficial waters].

The paper gives the data characterizing the specific features of formation of an anthropogenic load on water bodies in north regions; sanitary and hygienic criteria for estimating the biological contamination; and the factors that increase the biological productivity of the algal flora; a classification of eutrophic waters is also proposed.

[Protective action of reactivating factor of Luteococcus japonicus subsp. casei toward cells of Escherichia coli reparation mutants inactivated with UV-light].

Reactivating factor (RF) from Luteococcus japonicus subsp. casei had a protective action on UV-irradiated cells of Escherichia coli AB1157 with a native reparation system and on cells of isogenic reparation mutants of E. coli UvrA-, RecA-, and PolA-: the effect resulted in multifold increase of survivability.

[Protective and reactivating effect of the protein exometabolite on yeast cells inactivated by the ultraviolet irradiation].

It has been shown that Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces lactis, and Candida utilis strains produce the protein exometabolites, which has a protective and reactivating effect on the ultraviolet irradiated yeast cells. The protective effect of the preliminary ultraviolet irradiated (activated) protein exometabolite of all strains increased 2-3 times, though its reactivating activity did not change. Yarrowia lipolytica yeast cells, isolated from the areas with the high daily irradiation, and Endomyces magnusii, the obligate fungi parasites, were characterized by the highest ultraviolet tolerance in comparison with the other strains.

[The structure of environmental risk factors to the population's health in the Kolsky North].

The paper considers the problem in the comparative assessment of a carcinogenic risk and harm from ionizing irradiation and some chemical ambient air pollutants (formaldehyde, suspended matter) to the population's health in the Kolsky peninsula. The findings suggest that a chemical risk factor has a much greater impact on human health than a radiation risk factor, which should be taken into account while developing a nature-conservation policy in the region.

[The mechanism of action of reactivating factor from Luteococcus japonicus subsp. casei].

Reactivating factor (RF) from Luteococcus japonicus subsp. casei was shown to be constitutively synthesized and to act a by one-step mechanism, being activated independently from stress. Cell reactivation (reversion of a cell's ability to form macrocolonies) might be ensured by the membrane mechanism of RF action, which is proved with the dependence of antistress activity from the condition of the cytoplasmic membrane and with the form of concentration dependence.

[Reactivating effect of Escherichia coli exometabolites on UV-irradiated cells].

Wild-type and mutant (AB 1157 and K-12) strains of Escherichia coli were shown to synthesize the logarithmic growth phase, exometabolites reactivating UV-irradiated cells of producer strains. The exometabolites of the strain K-12 were of protein nature and had a molecular weight of no more than 10 kDa. The reactivating activity of these exometabolites was inversely related to bacterial survival and slightly increased under the influence of stress factors.

[Protective effect of extracellular protein metabolite of Luteococcus japonicus subsp, casei on cells subjected to heating and UV irradiation].

Extracellular protein metabolite isolated from the culture liquid of Luteococcus japonicus subsp. casei had reactivating and protective effects on UV-irradiated and heated cells. The extracellular metabolite, produced by cells in the logarithmic growth phase, was present in culture liquid in minuscule amounts.

[Analyzing the population's health risks from the influence of environmental factors of various nature in vicinity of the Siberian chemical complex].

The paper provides the results of calculating the risks to human health in the cities of Seversk and Tomsk. The cancer risk from man-caused radiation is 2 orders of magnitude lower than that from air pollution with chemical carcinogens. Air contamination of classical chemical pollutants presents a major hazard to human health.

[Inheritance features of mating behavior components in Drosophila melanogaster and their significance for fitness].

Components of mating behavior of Drosophila melanogaster mutant and wild-type strains were studied with respect to fitness. The magnitude of the effect of genotype on the male mating activity, female sexual receptivity, fertility and viability was determined. Strong positive correlation was found between the male mating activity and fitness components.

[Cross-effects of extracellular factors of adaptation to stress in Luteococcus casei and Saccharomyces cerevisiae].

Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts (lower eukaryotes) were shown to produce a protein exometabolite with reactivation activity. We demonstrated cross-effects of extracellular protein factors of adaptation to stress (heat and UV irradiation) in yeasts and Luteococcus casei bacteria. The possibility for isolation and partial purification of protein exometabolites from the culture liquid of yeasts and bacteria by similar methods, as well as the similarity of elution profiles for the active proteins in high-performance liquid chromatography, suggests that the proteins (or fragments thereot) of the organisms studied are homologous.

[Stressors, stress reactions, and survival of bacteria (a review)].

Recent data on the molecular mechanisms of stress responses of bacteria are reviewed, with emphasis on their reactions to a variety of stressors (heat, oxidation, cold, osmotic shock, etc.). Mechanisms underlying the phenomenon of sensoring are discussed.

[Effect of parental age on endoreduplication of giant chromosomes and some quantitative traits in Drosophila melanogaster descendants].

We studied the influence of parental age on the degree of polyteny of giant chromosomes and expressivity of mutation eyeless in Drosophila melanogaster descendants. The parental age equal to six days exerted an adverse effect on the function of endoreduplication of giant chromosomes in strain eyeless. The highest degree of polyteny was observed in descendants of four- and ten-day imago.

[The extracellular protein of Luteococcus japonicus subsp casei reactivates cells inactivated by ultraviolet radiation or heating].

The culture liquid of Luteococcus japonicus subsp. casei was found to be able to reactivate cells of this bacterium inactivated by UV irradiation or heat shock. The antistress activity of the culture liquid was due to the presence of an extracellular exometabolite of a protein nature with a molecular mass of more than 10 kDa.

[Influence of genotype on endoreduplication of giant chromosomes and expressivity of character eyeless in Drosophila melanogaster].

In Drosophila melanogaster lines LA (low activity), HA (high activity), and Oregon-R (wild type), the effect of genetic background on endoreplication in giant chromosomes of salivary glands, fecundity, and expression of mutation ey was studied. The degree of chromosome polyteny and the number of adult flies in saturated lines eyHA, eyBA, and eyOr were significantly higher than in the original lines. The degree of chromosome polyteny was correlated with fecundity.

[The study of the clinical potency of antiatherogenic diet containing flavonoids in cardiovascular patients].

At 60 patients with coronary artery disease and high blood pressure studied effects of a diet with low lipid and flavons. The application of a diet and flavons promoted positive dynamics (changes) of clinical manifestations of disease, lipid spectrum and antioxidants.