A Switch from Latent to Typical Infection during -Tobacco Interactions: Predicted and True Molecular Players.

Phytopathogenic microorganisms, being able to cause plant diseases, usually interact with hosts asymptomatically, resulting in the development of latent infections. Knowledge of the mechanisms that trigger a switch from latent to typical, symptomatic infection is of great importance from the perspectives of both fundamental science and disease management. No studies to date have compared, at the systemic molecular level, the physiological portraits of plants when different infection types (typical and latent) are developed.

The Role of Intercellular Signaling in the Regulation of Bacterial Adaptive Proliferation.

Bacterial adaptation is regulated at the population level with the involvement of intercellular communication (quorum sensing). When the population density is insufficient for adaptation under starvation, bacteria can adjust it to a quorum level through cell divisions at the expense of endogenous resources. This phenomenon has been described for the phytopathogenic bacterium (), and it is called, in our study, adaptive proliferation.

The Role of Exopolysaccharides in Plant-Pathogen Interactions.

The phytopathogenic bacterium (), one of the members of the soft rot , forms biofilm-like structures known as bacterial emboli when colonizing the primary xylem vessels of the host plants. The initial extracellular matrix of the bacterial emboli is composed of the host plant's pectic polysaccharides, which are gradually substituted by the -produced exopolysaccharides ( EPS) as the bacterial emboli "mature". No information about the properties of EPS and their possible roles in -plant interactions has so far been obtained.

The Knockout of Enterobactin-Related Gene in Results in Reduced Stress Resistance and Virulence towards the Primed Plants.

Siderophores produced by microorganisms to scavenge iron from the environment have been shown to contribute to virulence and/or stress resistance of some plant pathogenic bacteria. Phytopathogenic bacteria of genus possess genes for the synthesis of siderophore enterobactin, which role in plant-pathogen interactions has not been elucidated. In the present study we characterized the phenotype of the mutant strain of deficient for the enterobactin-biosynthetic gene .

The Line of the Unit Compressibility Factor (Zeno-Line) for Crystal States.

We study the behavior of the line of the unit compressibility factor (Zeno-line) in crystalline states. We used the Lennard-Jones system, experimental -- data for a number of substances, and the Debye model. We found that, contrary to the case of the liquid states, the Zeno-line in a crystal is not a straight line at the density-temperature plane.

Dalton's and Amagat's laws fail in gas mixtures with shock propagation.

A shock propagating through a gas mixture leads to pressure, temperature, and density increases across the shock front. Rankine-Hugoniot relations correlating pre- and post-shock quantities describe a calorically perfect gas but deliver a good approximation for real gases, provided the pre-shock conditions are well characterized with a thermodynamic mixing model. Two classic thermodynamic models of gas mixtures are Dalton's law of partial pressures and Amagat's law of partial volumes.

Ytterbium increases transmembrane water transport in Zea mays roots via aquaporin modulation.

In our study, the rare earth element ytterbium (Yb) was demonstrated to affect water exchange in roots of Zea mays seedlings. Herewith, the overall membrane permeability (P) increased. The P increase was determined by aquaporin activity but not the membrane lipid component since the closure of aquaporin channels due to low intracellular pH abolished the positive effect of Yb on P.

[Application of biochemical research methods for solving questions of forensic medical practice].

A review of the techniques used by Nizhny Novgorod forensic physicians in studying the possibility of using biochemical methods in expert practice is presented. Changes at the molecular level in pathological conditions precede functional and morphological disorders in tissues and organs. The use of biochemical methods - in particular, the study of the concentration of myoglobin and substances of low and medium molecular weight - significantly expands the possibilities of forensic-medical ekspertise.

Similarity Laws for the Lines of Ideal Free Energy and Chemical Potential in Supercritical Fluids.

We have found the curves on the density-temperature plane, along which the values of free energy and chemical potential correspond to ideal gas quantities. At first, we have applied the van der Waals equation to construct them and to derive their equations. Then we have shown that the same lines for real substances (Ar, N, CH, SF, H, HO) and for the model Lennard-Jones system constructed on the basis of the measurements data and calculations are well matched with the derived equations.

Long association tracts of the human white matter: an analysis of 18 hemisphere dissections and in vivo HARDI-CSD tractography.

Background: Anatomy of the conduction tracts of the cerebral cortex has been studied for a long time. Invention of diffusion tensor tractography renewed interest in this subject. The objectives of this work were to develop and improve protocols for dissection of the long association tracts of the human brain with studying the features of their segmentation, topography, and variability, compare the obtained data with the MR tractography data, and prepare for further clinical and anatomical studies.

Characteristics of water and ion exchange of Elodea nuttallii cells at high concentrations of lanthanides.

Changes of diffusive permeability of membranes of Elodea nuttallii cells following a short-term (60 min) treatment with high concentrations of lanthanides were recorded by the H NMR-diffusometry and conductometry methods. The 1-h infiltration of segments of Elodea nuttallii internodes in 10 mM solutions of nitrates of La, Nd and Lu resulted in the increased leakage of electrolytes from cells, but has no effect on a water diffusive permeability of membranes. In samples subjected to a 30 min pretreatment with a water channel inhibitor HgCl the water diffusive permeability of membranes (P) drops down under the influence of lanthanides, as well as an outcome of electrolytes.

[The prospects for the further development of the Belokurikha spa and health resort territory in the Altai Krai (region)].

We undertook a balneological survey of the Belokurikha spa and health resort territory with the purpose of distinguishing and identifying the potential health-improvement areas most promising for the extension and optimization of the therapeutic, tourist and recreational activities. The assessment was focused on the characteristic of the landscape and climatic conditions of the territory, the possibilities for the development of the existing resources of mineral waters and therapeutic muds as well as for the discovery of the potential new ones. The recommendations are proposed to promote the development of different forms of tourism with special reference to its medical and health-improvement aspects.

[Prenosologic criteria of health disorders and cardiovascular risk factors in workers engaged into nuclear industry].

Prophylactic study among workers engaged into main production of Siberian chemical enterprise (Seversk city) revealed high frequency of cardiovascular risk factors (overweight, hypodynamia, dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension), low level of adaptational potential and integral somatic health parameter as prenosologic criteria of cardiovascular diseases. The results necessitate recommendations to supplement periodic medical examinations with studies aimed to reveal early criteria of health disorders, and determine priority directions to specify prophylactic measures in nuclear industry workers.

The Zeno Line for Al, Cu, and U.

We show that the property of linearity for a line of unit compressibility factor (Zeno line) can be confirmed for metals (Al, Cu, and U) in liquid phase. The embedded atom potentials (EAM) have been used to describe the interaction between the particles. The numerical simulations within Monte Carlo (MC) technique with the EAM potential have resulted in the straight Zeno-line for considered metals and have allowed us to define the Zeno line parameters.

The Wide-Range Method to Construct the Entire Coexistence Liquid-Gas Curve and to Determine the Critical Parameters of Metals.

A method to find the liquid-gas critical parameters of metallic elements is offered. It takes into account a nonanalytic behavior in the critical point vicinity and the Clapeyron-Clausius asymptotic behavior at low temperatures. The present approach provides good agreement with experimental data for a wide wealth of non-metallic substances and mercury and alkali metals, where the critical parameters and binodals are known from the measurements.

The Similarity Relations Set on the Basis of Symmetrization of the Liquid-Vapor Phase Diagram.

An approach to symmetrize the liquid-vapor phase coexistence curve is proposed. It is based on the introduction of the lattice-like density x = ρ1/(ρ1 + ρ2), where ρ1 and ρ2 are the densities along the liquid-gas binodal. The global symmetrical phase diagram is created using experimental and simulation data for the real substances and models (noble gases, polyatomic molecules, organic substances and two metals, van der Waals system, Lennard-Jones system).

[On the determination of the age of the unidentified corpses].

The objective of the present study was to determine the age of the unidentified corpses based on the investigation of the structure (wall width) of proximal epiphysis of the humeral bone. The results of analysis of the ongoing identification studies suggest the necessity of the development of the new methods for the determination of the human age including those based on the quantitative structural criteria for the long tubular bones. The original method proposed by the authors envisages the preparation of the stains from the frontal sawcuts of the humeral bone on the paper with the identification of the parameters of interest and calculation of the morphometric coefficients (MC).

[The application of the methods for the measurement of tissue pressure during the comprehensive evaluation of the state of cadaveric tissues for the purpose of forensic medical expertise].

The present paper reports the results of the application of measurements of cadaveric tissue pressure (CTP) in forensic medical thanatology for the determination of the initial position of the corpse and the identification of the visually undetectable bleeding sites on the scalp during examination at the place of its discovery. Moreover, the study of the tissue pressure parameters in the affected tissues may be used to determine the intravitality of the injury and dynamics of its prescription. The parameters of intra-organ tissue pressure suggest its dependence not only on the prescription of the death and manifestations of the postmortem processes but also on the character and extent of the pathological process in the tissues of the organ of interest; these findings can be used for the verification of various diagnostic procedures including those for the objective elucidation of the cause of the death.

[Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma in pregnant women].

Aim: To elaborate a management tactic for pregnant women with primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMLBL) and to assess the toxicity of its treatment to the mother and fetus.

Subjects And Methods: In 2004 to 2014, the Hematology Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, treated 94 patients with mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma, 7 (7.4%) of them developed the disease during pregnancy.

The similarity law for the Joule-Thomson inversion line.

We show that the expression for the Joule-Thomson inversion temperature following from the van der Waals equation and recorded in a form reduced to the Boyle values has a universal character and can be applied to many real substances and model systems.

[The influence of the oil and gas industry on environmental safety and population health in the Khanty-Mansiĭskiĭ Region - Iugra].

Production activities of oil and gas industry plants are related to technogenic impact on the environment, which has a high environmental risk. This is associated with low levels of environmental orientation of sheer technological processes of exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbons and also used in this technical means, materials and chemical reagents. The main pollutants that deteriorate the toxic characteristics of drilling waste, are the most likely drilling fluids, mud flush agents and chemicals, which enter into their composition.

[Successful therapy for enteropathy-associated peripheral T-cell lymphoma using high-dose polychemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation].

Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL) is a rare disease that accounts for not more than 1.4% of all lymphomas. It is most common in Europe, followed by North America and Asia.

[Eight-year experience in treating aggressive mediastinal large B-cell lymphomas].

Aim: To make a differential diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with primary involvement of the mediastinal lymph nodes (LN) and primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMLBCL); to evaluate the efficiency of a modified NHL-BFM-90 (M-NHL-BFM-90) program in the treatment of the above nosological entities.

Subjects And Methods: The investigation enrolled 60 patients with large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) with primary involvement of mediastinal LN who had been treated at the Hematology Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, in 2004 to 2012. The diagnosis of PMLBCL and DLBCL with primary involvement of mediastinal LN was based on histological findings, the phenotype of tumor cells, and molecular evidence.

Note: The universal relations for the critical point parameters.

The universal correlation between the reduced critical pressure, density, and temperature for different substances and model systems was found on the basis of analysis of experimental and numerical simulation data. We choose the Zeno line (ZL) parameters as the reducing units (ZL is the line along which the compressibility factor is unity). In these variables the critical and ZL parameters satisfy simple relations, which are valid for a great number of substances.