Alcohol and addictive substances in deceased active participants of traffic accidents.

The content of this paper is the evaluation of data related to alcohol (ethanol, ethyl alcohol) and drugs in deceased active participants of traffic accidents for the years 2016-2021 obtained from the National Registry of Autopsies and Toxicological Examinations performed at the Department of Forensic Medicine and their comparison with the data of the Police Presidium of the Czech Republic. The sample included 2,715 deceased active road users, and their required data is available in both these sources. Only 72% of them were tested for alcohol, of whom 24% were found to have a blood alcohol concentration higher than 0.

The reconstruction of the pilot in command murder case in the aircraft OK ADN L410 Turbolet.

The aim of this paper is to reconstruct the hijacking case of an aircraft on the Mariánské Lázně - Prague route in 1972 and the shooting of its pilot in command in light of new facts, mainly autopsy reports from both Germany and Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. These reports contained absolutely opposite findings, both in terms of the findings themselves and their resulting interpretations. Since it is still not yet known exactly what happened in the plane, a reconstruction was carried out in an identical aircraft in the Aviation Museum in Kunovice.

Hijacking of the aircraft OK ADN L410 TURBOLET on June 8, 1972 - Forensic Medical Notes.

On 8 June 1972, the Czechoslovak OK DNN aircraft carrier L410 Turbolet was delivered to the regular line Marianske Lazne - Prague to the Federal Republic of Germany. About 8 minutes after the launch from Marianske Lazne Airport, the likely head of the group of kidnappers threw the captain of the plane. During the fight with one of the passenger, the head of the group of kidnappers killed the captain of the aircraft by a shot from 7.

[Experimental stab wound].

Stab wounds caused by knives and daggers are usually of different appearances. The knife wound has one edge sharp while the second one is blunt. The wound caused by blow of dagger has both edges sharp.

A concise history of forensic medicine in Czech Republic.

This paper presents the most important historical facts about all forensic medicine workplaces in the Czech Republic since the beginning till present day, including a perspective on how to establish a new one. Each of the University Forensic Medicine Institutes or district Departments is covered by at least one author. The oldest institute is in Prague and in Brno, the youngest is in Pardubice.

[Effect of windshield washer fluid on breathalyser results].

In this test were verify the possibility of the influence of windshield washer fluid containing ethanol on an alcohol breath test. The premise was that anti-freeze washer fluids used in automobiles contain ethanol, and that the use of such fluids results in ethanol vapour permeating the automobile's cabin. Tests were carried out on individuals seated on the front seats of an enclosed automobile cabin.

[The correlation of results of breath analysers and laboratory blood examinations of blood-ethanol concentration (Czech and Slovak study)].

The target of this study was to compare the results of breath analysers and "lege artis" laboratory blood examinations when determining alcohol levels. This was then used to determine whether any differences exist between the two methods, and how large these differences are. 610 cases from 11 workplaces in the Czech Republic and Slovakia were analysed.

Some possibilities in the diagnosis of early acute ischaemic changes in the heart muscle in sudden death.

Introduction: Ischaemic heart disease is the leading cause of death in industrialised countries. Sudden death accounts for approximately 2/3 of autopsies in forensic medicine, which is why the accurate diagnosis of IHD and first of all acute myocardial ischaemia is so important. On certain occasions in forensic medical practice it is difficult to diagnose AMI from morphological observation alone.

[Ethanol and other psychoactive substances in fatal road traffic accidents in the Czech Republic in 2008].

Background: To map the recent prevalence of alcohol and other psychoactive substances in deceased victims of traffic accidents in the Czech Republic.

Material And Methods: The studied sample consisted of individuals autopsied in the departments of forensic medicine who died during traffic accidents in 2008 and were toxicologically tested for one or more of the following substances: ethanol, volatile substances, cannabis, opiates, stimulants, cocaine, benzodiazepines, and barbiturates. Case definition involved alcohol cases with blood alcohol concentration (BAC) 0.

Drugs and fatal traffic accidents in the Czech Republic.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of psychotropic drug use in active participants in traffic accidents who died during the accident or shortly after it due to injuries resulting from the accident.

Methods: A special mortality register containing data of all forensic autopsies was analysed. The studied sample consisted of persons who died during traffic accidents and were active participants in those ones (pedestrians, cyclists, or drivers), and were toxicologically tested during the forensic examination.

[The comparison of the enzymatic and the acid hydrolyse at the toxicological screening of the small amount of urine].

The article deals with the toxicological screening directed at the identification and confirmation of the acid, neutral and basic medicaments and drugs in the urine. The efficiency of the hydrolysation using beta-glukuronidase (enzymatic hydrolyses) and using 0.1M hydrochloric acid (acid hydrolyses) from 2 ml of the urine were compared.

[Drugs and traffic accidents].

Background: The aim of the study was to map the prevalence of alcohol and other psychotropic substances in deceased participants of traffic accidents in the Czech Republic.

Methods And Results: The studied sample included persons autopsied in the departments of forensic medicine and forensic toxicology that died during traffic accidents and were toxicologically tested in 2003. Case definition involved alcohol cases with blood alcohol concentration (BAC) 0,2 g/kg and higher, with cannabis, detections of active THC metabolites only were taken into account; in cases where volatile substances (solvents) were detected we included into the definition only cases with substances not produced post mortem or in some physiological or pathological statuses.

[The proportion of drivers with alcohol in blood in common traffic].

The negative influence of alcohol on the ability of drivers for safe driving of motor vehicles is generally known. In order to determine the relative risk of traffic accident (especially with life consequences) in drivers after alcohol intake in comparison with those who are sober, the occurrence of such drivers in a common traffic is necessary. The authors controlled at random order the presence of alcohol in breath of 6180 drivers of passenger cars in the year 2001.

Mitochondrial DNA D-loop hypervariable regions: Czech population data.

In order to identify polymorphic sites and to find out their frequencies and the frequency of haplotypes, the complete D-loop of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from 93 unrelated Czech Caucasians was sequenced. Sequence comparison showed that 85 haplotypes were found and of these 78 were unique, 6 were observed twice and 1 was observed three times. Genetic diversity (GD) was estimated at 0.

[Effect of ethanol on ability to drive a motor vehicle].

From laboratory tests ensues a relatively small influence of ethanol on different functions which affect the ability to drive a motor vehicle. Under laboratory conditions ethanol protracts the simple reaction time surprisingly very little, at concentrations of 1 g/kg, 1.28 times (5).

[Use of safety belts by drivers and passengers in private cars in Ceské Budĕjovice].

Correct use of safety belts reduces the risk of injuries and death of the crew of private cars during traffic accidents. The objective of the investigation was to assess the prevalence of use of safety belts by drivers and companions in private cars in Ceské Budĕjovice by direct observation. A total of 996 cars were observed and it was found that safety belts were used by 46% drivers and 53% companions on the front seats.

[Determination of amphetamine and methamphetamine in human hair using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry].

The authors present a procedure of concurrent identification and quantification of amphetamine and metamphetamine in human hair. The method involves rinsing of the hair (distilled water 55 degrees C, 0.1 M hydrochloric acid, distilled water to neutral reaction, methanol) drying in air, homogenization by cutting (1-2 mm long), alkaline hydrolysis (20 mg hair, 1 ml 1 M sodium hydroxide, 55 degrees C, 120 min.

[Overview of the changes in alcohol content of beers produced in the Czech Republic].

Paper concerns the alcohol contents of beer now produced. The previous and contemporary ways of beer signing as well as a complete list of beer sorts produced in the Czech Republic is presented.

[Internet and forensic medicine].

Paper renders basic information about the world computer network Internet, its possibilities as well as needs of facilities for its exploiting, and gives some recommendations. Its explanis some basic terms. Importance of the Internet for forensic medicine is stressed with stimulations to its use.

[Use of personal computers in forensic medicine facilities].

The authors present a brief account of possibilities to use computers, type PC, in departments of forensic medicine and discuss basic technical and programme equipment. In the author's opinion the basic reason for using computers is to create an extensive database of post-mortem findings which would make it possible to process them on a large scale and use them for research and prevention. Introduction of computers depends on the management of the department and it is necessary to persuade workers-future users of computers-of the advantages associated with their use.

[Pedestrian traffic injuries--estimation of the speed of the colliding vehicle based on the extent of injuries in the pedestrian].

The authors assembled and analyzed a group of 101 fatal traffic injuries of pedestrians where the speed of collision was known and where a direct central collision occurred. Using criteria suggested by Fialka (1), the author quantified the injuries of pedestrians. A coefficient was revealed which lowers the score of fractures in old people.

[Pedestrian traffic injuries].

A group of 101 fatal traffic injuries of pedestrians was analyzed by type of encounter and vehicle, pedestrian's age, impact speed, direction of collision, height of bumper and leg injury. In collisions type A injuries of the spine, pelvis and lower extremities were relatively more frequent, while in collision C there were relatively more injuries of the skull, organs of the thoracic cavity and upper extremities. This difference is, however, significant only in leg injuries.

Development of aminotransferase activities in the serum of young rats born to normal females and to females exposed to intermittent hypoxia during pregnancy.

In the rat, aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) and alanine aminotransferase (GPT) activity increase during early postnatal ontogenesis. The development of these enzyme activities also remains normal in young whose mothers were repeatedly exposed to altitude hypoxia at a simulated altitude of 5 000 m during the whole of pregnancy.