Prevalence of HPV infection and anal and cervical cytological abnormalities in transgender people at a referral service in Vitória, Espírito Santo state, Brazil, between 2018 and 2021.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HPV and cytological alterations in the transgender population and contribute to the development of public policies.

Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in a transgender outpatient clinic in Vitória, Espírito Santo state, between 2018 and 2021. Data were collected through interviews and information from medical records.

The impact of labyrinthine magnetic resonance signal alterations on the treatment of sudden sensory-neural hearing loss.

Background: Sudden sensory-neural hearing loss SSNHL), with positive findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), possibly related to labyrinthine hemorrhage, is a rare condition and difficult to be diagnosed.

Objectives: We evaluated the role of MRI in detecting labyrinthine signal changes and the impact of these changes on the prognosis of SSNHL after the intratympanic corticosteroid injection.

Methods: A prospective study was held between January and June 2022.

Assessment of the ability of the radiological incudo-stapedial angle to predict the stapedotomy technique type: a prospective case-series study.

Purpose: This study aimed to propose a radiological classification of the incudo-stapedial angle by preoperative high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) images and to highlight its importance for predicting the use of reversal-steps stapedotomy (RSS) rather than the traditional non-reversal technique.

Methods: We included 83 candidates for stapedotomy operation. Two physicians measured the radiological incudo-stapedial joint angle in the preoperative HRCT.

ATG5 as biomarker for early detection of malignant mesothelioma.

Objectives: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive disease with grim prognosis due to lack of effective treatment options. Disease prediction in association with early diagnosis may both contribute to improved MPM survival. Inflammation and autophagy are two processes associated with asbestos-induced transformation.

Augmented Virtual Reality in Vestibular Assessment: A Dynamic Gait Application.

Introduction: Dizziness is a common complaint affecting up to 23% of the world population. Diagnosis is of utmost importance and routinely involves several tests to be performed in specialized centers. The advent of a new generation of technical devices would make envision their use for a valid objective vestibular assessment.

The impact of fusion imaging technique on middle ear cholesteatoma surgery: a prospective comparative study.

Background: The fusion of computed tomography images with non-echo planner diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images may overcome the limitations of each individual modality.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the ability of the 'fusion' technique to predict the location of middle ear cholesteatoma by evaluating Its impact on preoperative surgical planning and postoperative results.

Methodology: Eighty-three adults with cholesteatoma underwent preoperative CT scans and non-EPI-DW-MRI with or without the 'fusion' technique.

On the battery life of a totally implantable active middle ear device: a retrospective study in a single implanting center.

Background: Totally-implantable active middle ear devices (AMED) rely on a non-rechargeable battery encased with the implantable sound processor that needs to be replaced with a minor surgical procedure after its depletion.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the most significant factors affecting the implant's battery life.

Materials And Methods: The implanted subjects (29 patients) were divided into three groups; group A with 17 patients who underwent one battery change surgery; group B with ten patients who underwent two battery changes; and group C with two patients and three surgeries.

Invasive fungal rhinosinusitis associated with COVID-19: Course changes and prognosis predictors.

Background: This study aimed to analyze the behavior of acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (AIFRS) associated with COVID-19 infection as there has been an increase in the rate of AIFRS cases in the last two years, and many reports connected this rising with the COVID-19 infection. We studied most factors that may impact the prognosis as a trial to find the most affecting factors to improve the outcomes.

Methods: It was a retrospective observational study that included cases from four tertiary referral institutions between November 2020 to February 2022.

The Use of Nanoparticles in Otoprotection.

The inner ear can be insulted by various noxious stimuli, including drugs (cisplatin and aminoglycosides) and over-acoustic stimulation. These stimuli damage the hair cells giving rise to progressive hearing loss. Systemic drugs have attempted protection from ototoxicity.

Proposal of a magnetic resonance imaging follow-up protocol after cholesteatoma surgery: a prospective study.

Background: Non-echo planar (EPI) diffusion-weighted (DW) MRI has become an effective tool for the follow-up after cholesteatoma surgery and decreased the rate of second-look surgeries.

Objectives: To shed light on the optimal imaging follow-up protocol to detect postoperative residual or recurrent cholesteatoma.

Materials And Methods: 64 patients were included in this prospective study.

Thulium laser in stapedotomy surgery.

Background: Thulium laser use in stapedotomy surgery is usually associated with many doubts regarding the thermal effect on the vestibular area and the production of acoustic shock waves, which may result in permanent complications.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the Thulium laser use in stapedotomy and its long-term effects on the clinical and audiological results.

Material And Methods: It was a retrospective randomized case-series study.

Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on head and neck urgent suspected cancer referral pathways in rural Wales.

Objective: To assess the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on head and neck urgent suspected cancer referral pathways in rural areas of Wales.

Method: A retrospective audit was conducted of 2234 head and neck urgent suspected cancer referrals received from January 2019 to November 2020.

Results: The referrals dropped by 35 per cent in 2020 compared to the same period in 2019.

What is the most appropriate hemostatic material during pediatric adenoidectomy? A prospective comparative randomized double-blinded controlled study.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of different hemostatic materials used in adenoidectomy operations to improve the quality of life with the most negligible hazardous impact on pediatric health.

Study Design: a prospective, case-series, randomized, controlled, double-blinded study.

Setting: All adenoidectomy surgeries were performed between September 2016 to December 2019 at tertiary referral institutions.

Early non-EPI DW-MRI after cholesteatoma surgery.

Objective: Middle ear cholesteatoma may lead to the erosion of the bony structures of the temporal bone, possibly causing intra- and extracranial complications. Surgical treatment is mandatory, and due to possible residual/recurrent disease, the use of reliable diagnostic methods is essential. Our study aimed to evaluate the reliability of non-EPI DW-MRI for the follow-up of cholesteatoma after surgery.

Detection of respiratory viruses in primary cholesteatoma tissues.

Cholesteatomas are frequent middle ear benign tumors of unknown etiology. Infectious agents have been considered as possible contributing factors in the pathogenesis of cholesteatomas. Aiming to investigate the presence of respiratory viruses in primary cholesteatoma tissues, 26 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded primary cholesteatoma tissues obtained from patients seen at the of the Clinical Hospital of the University of São Paulo School of Medicine, in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil were tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Seasonality, molecular epidemiology, and virulence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV): A perspective into the Brazilian Influenza Surveillance Program.

Background: Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the main cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality. The complex evolution of RSV creates a need for worldwide surveillance, which may assist in the understanding of multiple viral aspects.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate RSV features under the Brazilian Influenza Surveillance Program, evaluating the role of viral load and genetic diversity in disease severity and the influence of climatic factors in viral seasonality.

Viral load and high prevalence of HR-HPV52 and 58 types in black women from rural communities.

Background: The high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection is the main cause of cervical cancer development, and the most common types were included in the last approved nonavalent vaccine (9vHPV). Geographical, socioeconomic and ethnic barriers in developing countries challenge primary and secondary prevention measures of cervical cancer. We aimed to determine the prevalence of HPV infection and the viral load of HR-HPV 9vHPV-related types black women resident in rural semi-isolated communities.

Primary aspergillosis of the larynx causing acute airway distress.

Laryngeal aspergillosis is most commonly seen as a secondary infection that spreads from the lungs and tracheobronchial tree. Primary invasive aspergillosis of the larynx is rare and most likely seen in an immunocompromised patient. We present a case of a 59-year-old woman who presented with progressive dysphonia and subsequently acute stridor.

EHEC O111:H8 strain and norovirus GII.4 Sydney [P16] causing an outbreak in a daycare center, Brazil, 2019.

Background: This study describes the investigation of an outbreak of diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis (HC), and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) at a daycare center in southeastern Brazil, involving fourteen children, six staff members, six family members, and one nurse. All bacterial and viral pathogens detected were genetically characterized.

Results: Two isolates of a strain of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) serotype O111:H8 were recovered, one implicated in a case of HUS and the other in a case of uncomplicated diarrhea.

A Comparative Assessment of Marker Expression Between Cardiomyocyte Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and the Developing Pig Heart.

The course of differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into cardiomyocytes and the intermediate cell types are characterized using molecular markers for different stages of development. These markers have been selected primarily from studies in the mouse and from a limited number of human studies. However, it is not clear how well mouse cardiogenesis compares with human cardiogenesis at the molecular level.

Revision of active middle ear implants (AMEI): causes, surgical issues and rehabilitative transition at a single implanting center.

Purpose: To report on failures related to active middle ear implants (AMEI) surgery, within a series of subjects treated at a single Implanting Center.

Methods: A retrospective review of 79 cases of implanted AMEI has been performed to report the failure ratio, the causes for the failure and the selected rehabilitative solution. The AMEI included 25 Vibrant Soundbridge (Medel, Innsbruck, Austria), 20 as round window vibroplasty (RW-VSB) for mixed hearing loss, 5 as incus-vibroplasty for sensorineural hearing loss; 7 MET/Carina (Cochlear, Melbourne, Australia), 2 MET for mixed and sensorineural hearing loss, 5 Carina for sensorineural hearing loss; 43 Esteem (EnvoyMedical, St Paul, USA) for sensorineural hearing loss; 3 Maxum (Ototronics, Texas, USA) for sensorineural hearing loss; 1 Codacs (Cochlear, Melbourne, Australia) for severe mixed hearing loss.

Psychometric properties of the FertiQoL questionnaire in Italian infertile women in different stages of treatment.

Background: Reliable Fertility-specific QoL measures can be obtained through the FertiQoL, a questionnaire with six-subscales that consider different core aspects of the person's wellbeing and way of behaving during treatment.

Objective: Examine the psychometric properties of all six-subscales of the Italian FertiQoL in a sample of infertile women and explore the effects of the ART treatment phases.

Method: 323 women, in three different treatment stages (Diagnostic, Stimulation, Transfer), completed the FertiQoL.

An outbreak due to a norovirus GII.Pe-GII.4 Sydney_2012 recombinant in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units.

Background: Noroviruses are the major cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide in all age groups. The several genotypes, mutation, and recombination events guarantee the broad diffusion and maintenance of these viruses in the general human population. We described an outbreak caused by a norovirus recombinant strain screened in samples obtained from children and hospital staff affected in an outbreak of diarrhea at neonatal and pediatric intensive care units in Southeastern Brazil.

Cervical determinants of anal HPV infection and high-grade anal lesions in women: a collaborative pooled analysis.

Background: Cervical cancer screening might contribute to the prevention of anal cancer in women. We aimed to investigate if routine cervical cancer screening results-namely high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cytohistopathology-predict anal HPV16 infection, anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and, hence, anal cancer.

Methods: We did a systematic review of MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane library for studies of cervical determinants of anal HPV and HSIL published up to Aug 31, 2018.