Prefer what you like? Evaluation and preference of cycling infrastructures in a bicycle simulator.

Problem: Previous research on cyclists' route evaluations and preferences already identified influencing factors and relevant evaluation criteria, but studies mostly focused on selected aspects like safety or comfort. This study examined the evaluation of routes more comprehensively considering five evaluation criteria, and further aims to compare the evaluation with the preference of routes. For this, we used the experimental approach of a bicycle simulator.

Development and evaluation of passenger assistance system concepts to reduce passenger discomfort.

The front seat passenger is often neglected when developing support systems for cars. There exist few examples of systems that provide information or interaction possibilities specifically to those passengers. Previous research indicated that the passive role of the passenger can frequently lead to a feeling of discomfort, potentially caused by missing information and missing control with respect to the driving situation.

Fabrication, Optimization, and Characterization of Antibacterial Electrospun Shellac Fibers Loaded with Extract.

This study aimed to develop a (KP) extract based on electrospun shellac fibers capable of transporting methoxyflavones. This study used a Box-Behnken design to determine the optimal production parameters that influence the fiber diameter and bead-to-fiber ratio responses. The optimization step produced fibers with a small diameter (574 nm) and a lower bead-to-fiber ratio (0.

Ecological Interface Design and Head-Up Displays: The Contact-Analog Visualization Tradeoff.

Objective: This study investigated how the visualization of an ecological interface affects its subjective and objective usefulness. Therefore, we compared a simple 2D visualization against a contact-analog 3D visualization.

Background: Recently, head-up displays (HUDs) have become contact-analog and visualizations have been enabled to be merged with the real environment.

Disease Phenotypes and Mechanisms of iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes From Brugada Syndrome Patients With a Loss-of-Function SCN5A Mutation.

Brugada syndrome (BrS) is one of the major causes of sudden cardiac death in young people, while the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. Here, we investigated the pathophysiological phenotypes and mechanisms using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) from two BrS patients (BrS-CMs) carrying a heterozygous mutation p.S1812X.

Education differences in sickness absence and the role of health behaviors: a prospective twin study.

Background: Long-term sickness absences burden the economy in many industrialized countries. Both educational attainment and health behaviors are well-known predictors of sickness absence. It remains, however, unclear whether these associations are causal or due to confounding factors.

An obesity paradox in patients with myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous intervention.

Background And Aims: Data concerning the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and outcome in myocardial infarction (MI) patients are inconclusive. Long-term data on the influence of BMI on survival in patients with MI who have undergone percutaneous intervention (PCI) are lacking. We aimed to assess the effect of different categories of BMI on long-term mortality.

Maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and child neurodevelopment up to eight years of age-Results from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study.

Purpose: Current knowledge of the effect of prenatal caffeine exposure on the child's neurodevelopment is contradictory. The current study aimed to study whether caffeine intake during pregnancy was associated with impaired child neurodevelopment up to 8 years of age.

Method: A total of 64,189 full term pregnancies from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study were included.

Preterm birth and risk for language delays before school entry: A sibling-control study.

We investigated whether children born preterm are at risk for language delay using a sibling-control design in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), conducted by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. Participants included 26,769 siblings born between gestational weeks 23 and 42. Language delay was assessed when the children were 1.

Task Interruption and Control Recovery Strategies After Take-Over Requests Emphasize Need for Measures of Situation Awareness.

Objective: Our objective was to determine whether there is a need to go beyond measures of automation deactivation time to understand the transition to manual driving after take-over requests (TORs) using the example of office tasks as nondriving-related tasks (NDRTs).

Background: Office tasks are likely NDRTs during automated commutes to/from work. Complex tasks can influence how manual control and visual attention is recovered after TORs.

Age-Specific Sex-Based Differences in Anemia in Patients with Myocardial Infarction.

Data are lacking concerning possible age-specific sex-based differences in anemia in myocardial infarction (MI) patients and its association with the outcome. The aim was to assess whether these differences in anemia (on admission and at discharge) in MI patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are associated with the outcome. Data from 5579 MI patients (31.

Child temperament predicts the adiposity rebound. A 9-year prospective sibling control study.

Methods: We repeatedly examined 25889 siblings within the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study, following them from the mothers' pregnancy through child age 8 years. Information on the children's height and weight was collected by means of health registries and maternal reports. Information on the siblings' temperament was collected by questionnaires completed when they were 1.

Situational influences on response time and maneuver choice: Development of time-critical scenarios.

Findings concerning drivers' response times to sudden events vary considerably across studies due to different experimental setups and situational characteristics, such as expectancy of an event and urgency to react. While response times are widely reported in the literature, understanding of drivers' choice of maneuvers in time-critical situations is limited. Standardized test scenarios could enhance the comparability of studies and help in attaining a better understanding of driver behavior in these situations.

Associations of children's Big Five personality with eating behaviors.

Objective: Our aim is to examine the associations of the Big Five personality factors with eating behaviors in children using a cross-sectional study in 1543 randomly Norwegian 7-12 year olds.

Results: Mothers rated the hierarchical personality inventory for children, and the child eating behaviour questionnaire to describe her child. Personality and eating behaviors were substantially associated in bivariate correlations and multivariate analyses of variance.

Systematic review of observational studies on secondary task engagement while driving.

The last decade has seen a worldwide exponential increase in the use of mobile information systems, especially smartphones. This trend covers all areas of life, and also seems to include phone use while driving. In order to assess the scope of secondary task occupation, especially smartphone use while driving, observation studies from outside the car have been established as an efficient and valid method.

Women and acute kidney injury in myocardial infarction.

Background: Data on the relationship between gender and acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are conflicting and inconclusive. The contrast volume-to-estimated glomerular filtration rate ratio (CV/GFR) was shown to predict AKI in patients with MI undergoing PCI. We assessed gender-based differences in AKI and evaluated the association between the CV/GFR and AKI in MI patients undergoing PCI.

New insights into process understanding of solid lipid extrusion (SLE) of extruded lipid implants for sustained protein delivery.

The aim of this work is a better understanding of solid lipid extrusion (SLE) for protein depot production using a lab-scale twin-screw (tsc)-extruder. In this context, little is known about the relationship of process parameters such as extrusion temperature, screw speed, or formulation on implant characteristics. It is difficult to attribute release characteristics to only one parameter, since the release will always be influenced by a combination of parameters.

How to warn drivers in various safety-critical situations - Different strategies, different reactions.

Technological advances allow supporting drivers in a multitude of occasions, ranging from comfort enhancement to collision avoidance, for example through driver warnings, which are especially crucial for traffic safety. This psychological driving simulator experiment investigated how to warn drivers visually in order to prevent accidents in various safety-critical situations. Collision frequencies, driving behavior and subjective evaluations of situation criticality, warning understandability and helpfulness of sixty drivers were measured in two trials of eight scenarios each (within-subjects factors).

Asleep at the automated wheel-Sleepiness and fatigue during highly automated driving.

Due to the lack of active involvement in the driving situation and due to monotonous driving environments drivers with automation may be prone to become fatigued faster than manual drivers (e.g. Schömig et al.

Practice makes better - Learning effects of driving with a multi-stage collision warning.

Advanced driver assistance systems like (forward) collision warnings can increase traffic safety. As safety-critical situations (especially in urban traffic) can be diverse, integrated adaptive systems (such as multi-stage warnings) need to be developed and examined in a variety of use cases over time instead of the more common approach of testing only one-time effectiveness in the most relevant use case. Thus, this driving simulator experiment investigated a multi-stage collision warning in partially repetitive trials (T) of various safety-critical situations (scenarios confronting drivers with hazards in form of pedestrians, obstacles or preceding vehicles).

Sex-Related Anemia Contributes to Disparities in Outcome of Patients Younger Than 60 Years with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

Background: Younger women with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) have a worse outcome than their age-matched male peers. Our aim was to assess whether there are sex-based differences in anemia on admission, and if they are associated with the outcome of patients with STEMI younger than 60 years undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Materials And Methods: Data of 2095 STEMI patients, 804 of whom were younger than 60 years, were analyzed.

Personality Traits Are Associated With Cortical Development Across Adolescence: A Longitudinal Structural MRI Study.

How personality traits relate to structural brain changes in development is an important but understudied question. In this study, cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA), estimated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), were investigated in 99 participants aged 8-19 years. Follow-up MRI data were collected after on average 2.