A pause in the weakening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation since the early 2010s.

The current state-of-the-art climate models when combined together suggest that the anthropogenic weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) has already begun since the mid-1980s. However, continuous direct observational records during the past two decades have shown remarkable resilience of the AMOC. To shed light on this apparent contradiction, here we attempt to attribute the interdecadal variation of the historical AMOC to the anthropogenic and natural signals, by analyzing multiple climate and surface-forced ocean model simulations together with direct observational data.

Unlocking the Potential of Isopropanol as an Eco-Friendly Eluent for Large-Scale Fractionation of Fulvic Acids via Preparative Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Multidimensional RP-HPLC: Evaluation of Molecular Diversity and Element Composition.

Humic substances are organic mixtures of extreme complexity, which significantly complicate their analysis by any method. Fractionation into more homogeneous mixtures seems to be almost the only way to overcome these difficulties. Preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) provides almost any amounts of substances required for both further fractionation and studies by other methods.

Combined ethanol and radiofrequency ablation for the elimination of focal atrial tachycardia originating from the Marshall bundle.

Introduction And Importance: Atrial tachycardias (AT) originating from the Marshall bundle (MB) are rare and present significant challenges in diagnosis and management. The authors present the case of a 29-year-old male with recurrent AT successfully treated with a combined ethanol and radiofrequency ablation approach. This case highlights the effectiveness of this dual ablation strategy in resolving AT originating from the MB, contributing valuable insights into managing complex AT cases.

Florida Current transport observations reveal four decades of steady state.

The potential weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in response to anthropogenic forcing, suggested by climate models, is at the forefront of scientific debate. A key AMOC component, the Florida Current (FC), has been measured using submarine cables between Florida and the Bahamas at 27°N nearly continuously since 1982. A decrease in the FC strength could be indicative of the AMOC weakening.

Noise Filtering Algorithm Using Gaussian Mixture Models for High-Resolution Mass Spectra of Natural Organic Matter.

High-resolution mass spectra of natural organic matter (NOM) contain a large number of noise signals. These signals interfere with the correct molecular composition estimation during nontargeted analysis because formula-assignment programs find empirical formulas for such peaks as well. Previously proposed noise filtering methods that utilize the profile of the intensity distribution of mass spectrum peaks rely on a histogram to calculate the intensity threshold value.

Extended characterization of anti-CD19 CAR T cell products manufactured at the point of care using the CliniMACS Prodigy system: comparison of donor sources and process duration.

Background Aims: The CliniMACS Prodigy closed system is widely used for the manufacturing of chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T cells). Our study presents an extensive immunophenotypic and functional characterization and comparison of the properties of anti-CD19 CAR-T cell products obtained during long (11 days) and short (7 days) manufacturing cycles using the CliniMACS Prodigy system, as well as cell products manufactured from different donor sources of T lymphocytes: from patients, from patients who underwent HSCT, and from haploidentical donors. We also present the possibility of assessing the efficiency of transduction by an indirect method.

Humic Polyelectrolytes Facilitate Rapid Microwave Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Suitable for Wound-Healing Applications.

This article describes the one-pot microwave synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) assisted with natural polyelectrolytes-humic substances (HS). The humic polyelectrolytes served both as chemical reductants for silver ions and as end-capping agents for AgNPs. Three commercially available sodium humates extracted from lignites and leonardite and one sodium fulvate isolated from natural brown water seeped through peat deposits were used in this study.

Bailout Deep Septal LV Pacing to Treat Inadvertent Complete AV Block During Complex Ablation Procedure.

We present a case of persistent complete atrioventricular block that occurred during the diagnostic portion of a premature ventricular contractions' radiofrequency ablation in a complex heart failure patient. The case was managed by bailout deep left ventricular septal pacing after bipolar radiofrequency elimination of premature ventricular contractions.

Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase CD45 As an Immunity Regulator and a Potential Effector of CAR-T therapy.

The leukocyte common antigen CD45 is a receptor tyrosine phosphatase and one of the most prevalent antigens found on the surface of blood cells. CD45 plays a crucial role in the initial stages of signal transmission from receptors of various immune cell types. Immunodeficiency, autoimmune disorders, and oncological diseases are frequently caused by gene expression disorders and imbalances in CD45 isoforms.

Towards two decades of Atlantic Ocean mass and heat transports at 26.5° N.

Continuous measurements of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and meridional ocean heat transport at 26.5° N began in April 2004 and are currently available through December 2020. Approximately 90% of the total meridional heat transport (MHT) at 26.

Atlantic meridional overturning circulation increases flood risk along the United States southeast coast.

The system of oceanic flows constituting the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) moves heat and other properties to the subpolar North Atlantic, controlling regional climate, weather, sea levels, and ecosystems. Climate models suggest a potential AMOC slowdown towards the end of this century due to anthropogenic forcing, accelerating coastal sea level rise along the western boundary and dramatically increasing flood risk. While direct observations of the AMOC are still too short to infer long-term trends, we show here that the AMOC-induced changes in gyre-scale heat content, superimposed on the global mean sea level rise, are already influencing the frequency of floods along the United States southeastern seaboard.

Yedoma Permafrost Releases Organic Matter with Lesser Affinity for Cu and Ni as Compared to Peat from the Non-Permafrost Area: Risk of Rising Toxicity of Potentially Toxic Elements in the Arctic Ocean.

Pollution of the Arctic Ocean by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) is a current environmental problem. Humic acids (HAs) play an important role in the regulation of PTE mobility in soil and water. The permafrost thaw releases ancient organic matter (OM) with a specific molecular composition into the Arctic watersheds.

The Validation of Cardiac Index and Stroke-Volume Variation Measured by the Pulse-Wave Transit Time-Analysis Versus Conventional Pulse-Contour Analysis After Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Observational Study.

Objective: To compare the reliability of cardiac index (CI) and stroke-volume variation (SVV) measured by the pulse-wave transit-time (PWTT) method using estimated continuous cardiac output (esCCO) technique with conventional pulse-contour analysis after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB).

Design: A single-center, prospective, observational study.

Setting: At a 1,000-bed university hospital.

Two-Photon Excited Fluorescence of NADH-Alcohol Dehydrogenase Complex in a Mixture with Bacterial Enzymes.

Thorough study of composition and fluorescence properties of a commercial reagent of active equine NAD-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase expressed and purified from has been carried out. Several experimental methods: spectral- and time-resolved two-photon excited fluorescence, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, fast protein liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry were used for analysis. The reagent under study was found to contain also a number of natural fluorophores: free NAD(P)H, NADH-alcohol dehydrogenase, NADPH-isocitrate dehydrogenase, and pyridoxal 5-phosphate-serine hydroxymethyltransferase complexes.

Barnase-barstar Specific Interaction Regulates Car-T Cells Cytotoxic Activity toward Malignancy.

The development of CAR-T specific therapy made a revolution in modern oncology. Despite the pronounced therapeutic effects, this novel approach displayed several crucial limitations caused by the complications in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics controls. The presence of the several severe medical complications of CAR-T therapy initiated a set of attempts aimed to regulate their activity in vivo.

CAR-tropic extracellular vesicles carry tumor-associated antigens and modulate CAR T cell functionality.

Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are active contributors in metastasis and immunosuppression in tumor microenvironment. At least some of the EVs carry tumor surface molecules such as tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and/or checkpoint inhibitors, and potentially could interact with T cells or CAR T cells. Upon contact with T cells, EVs could alter their phenotype and functions by triggering signaling through TCR or CAR reprogramming them to escape immune response.

Switchable targeting of solid tumors by BsCAR T cells.

The development of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has become a critical milestone in modern oncotherapy. Despite the remarkable in vitro effectiveness, the problem of safety and efficacy of CAR T cell therapy against solid tumors is challenged by the lack of tumor-specific antigens required to avoid on-target off-tumor effects. Spatially separating the cytotoxic function of CAR T cells from tumor antigen recognition provided by protein mediators allows for the precise control of CAR T cell cytotoxicity.

Structural insights into light-driven anion pumping in cyanobacteria.

Transmembrane ion transport is a key process in living cells. Active transport of ions is carried out by various ion transporters including microbial rhodopsins (MRs). MRs perform diverse functions such as active and passive ion transport, photo-sensing, and others.

E. coli Expression and Purification of Microbial and Viral Rhodopsins.

Microbial rhodopsins have become an indispensable tool for neurobiology. Of thousands of identified microbial rhodopsins, a minute fraction has been studied so far and they have shown remarkable functional diversity suggesting more great promises that this large family holds. Effective production of recombinant microbial and viral rhodopsins is a prerequisite for the success of functional and structural studies of these proteins.

Infrared Spectroscopy in Aqueous Solutions: Capabilities and Challenges.

Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy provides rapid, reliable, quantitative, and qualitative analysis of samples in different aggregation states, i.e., gases, thin films, solids, liquids, etc.

FTIR Photoacoustic and ATR Spectroscopies of Soils with Aggregate Size Fractionation by Dry Sieving.

Granulometric fractionation as a source of additional information on organic-matter and inorganic matrix components of soils using FTIR-photoacoustic spectroscopy (FTIR-PAS) supported by attenuated-total reflection FTIR spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) for a wide range of aggregate fractions (10-5000 μm) was used to compare the sensitivity, reproducibility, information contents, and representativity of fractionated samples. For chernozem and sod-podzolic soils and different agricultural-use chernozem samples, differences in the composition were found, manifested in normalized spectra of microaggregate fractions, with the range of 10-100 μm bearing the complete information. Most changes are observed in the soil organic matter range (1900-1340 cm), although these changes are slight, and in the soil-matrix region (550-300 cm).

A Use of Tritium-Labeled Peat Fulvic Acids and Polyphenolic Derivatives for Designing Pharmacokinetic Experiments on Mice.

Natural products (e.g., polyphenols) have been used as biologically active compounds for centuries.

Thermal Conductivity of Detonation Nanodiamond Hydrogels and Hydrosols by Direct Heat Flux Measurements.

The methodology and results of thermal conductivity measurements by the heat-flow technique for the detonation nanodiamond suspension gels, sols, and powders of several brands in the range of nanoparticle concentrations of 2-100% / are discussed. The conditions of assessing the thermal conductivity of the fluids and gels (a FOX 50 heat-flow meter) with the reproducibility (relative standard deviation) of 1% are proposed. The maximum increase of 13% was recorded for the nanodiamond gels (140 mg mL or 4% /) of the RDDM brand, at 0.

Engineered Removal of PD-1 From the Surface of CD19 CAR-T Cells Results in Increased Activation and Diminished Survival.

CAR-T cell therapy is the most advanced way to treat therapy resistant hematologic cancers, in particular B cell lymphomas and leukemias, with high efficiency. Donor T cells equipped with chimeric receptor recognize target tumor cells and kill them using lytic granules. CAR-T cells that recognize CD19 marker of B cells (CD19 CAR-T) are considered the gold standard of CAR-T therapy and are approved by FDA.