The Treatment of Post-Thrombotic Syndrome.

Background: Post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) arises in 20-50% of patients who have sustained a deep vein thrombosis and markedly impairs their quality of life.

Methods: This review is based on pertinent publications retrieved by a selective literature search in PubMed and the Cochrane Library, and on the guidelines of the German Societies of Phlebology and Vascular Surgery ().

Results: The treatment options are conservative treatment with compression and patient exercises, endovascular recanalization with stent angioplasty, and open bypass surgery of the iliac obstructions.

Revised morphology and hemodynamics of the anorectal vascular plexus: impact on the course of hemorrhoidal disease.

Purpose: The pathogenesis of hemorrhoidal disease is based mainly on the vascular hyperplasia theory. The aim of this study was to reassess the morphology and the functional mechanisms of the anorectal vascular plexus with regard to hemorrhoidal disease.

Materials And Methods: The anorectal vascular plexus was investigated in 17 anorectal and five hemorrhoidectomy specimens by means of conventional histology and immunohistochemistry.

Local treatment of hemorrhoidal disease and perianal eczema. Meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of an Escherichia coli culture suspension alone or in combination with hydrocortisone.

The objective of this paper was to assess the available clinical data on the efficacy and safety of ointments containing either a bacterial culture suspension (BCS) from Escherichia coli or a combination of BCS with hydrocortisone (CAS 50-23-7) (BCS: Posterisan, and BCS + HC: Posterisan forte). The BCS is assumed to act by immunomodulation in hemorrhoidal disease and perianal eczema. Six randomized, double-blind trials are reported: three of them using BCS ointment and one using BCS + HC, against ointment base, and two trials using BCS + HC against hydrocortisone ointment alone.