Bayesian evidence synthesis for informative hypotheses: An introduction.

To establish a theory one needs cleverly designed and well-executed studies with appropriate and correctly interpreted statistical analyses. Equally important, one also needs replications of such studies and a way to combine the results of several replications into an accumulated state of knowledge. An approach that provides an appropriate and powerful analysis for studies targeting prespecified theories is the use of Bayesian informative hypothesis testing.

Translating tools and indicators in territorial RRI.

Introduction: By a series of calls within the Horizon 2020 framework programme, the EU funded projects intended to deploy Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) at a territorial level, in regional research and innovation ecosystems. This paper presents efforts to document and evaluate the achievements in TRANSFORM, one of these projects.

Methods: Evaluative inquiry and theoretical reasoning.

Intrinsic Performance of Monte Carlo Calibration-Free Algorithm for Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy.

The performance of the Monte Carlo (MC) algorithm for calibration-free LIBS was studied on the example of a simulated spectrum that mimics a metallurgical slag sample. The underlying model is that of a uniform, isothermal, and stationary plasma in local thermodynamical equilibrium. Based on the model, the algorithm generates from hundreds of thousands to several millions of simultaneous configurations of plasma parameters and the corresponding number of spectra.

Boiling down the cysteine-stabilized LTP fold - loss of structural and immunological integrity of allergenic Art v 3 and Pru p 3 as a consequence of irreversible lanthionine formation.

Background: Non-specific lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are important allergens in fruits, pollen, vegetables, nuts and latex. Due to their compact structure, LTPs are highly resistant to heat treatment. Here, Art v 3 from mugwort pollen and Pru p 3 from peach were used as model allergens to in-depth investigate structural and immunological properties upon thermal treatment at different buffer conditions.

Chemical Activation in Blood Serum and Human Cell Culture: Improved Ruthenium Complex for Catalytic Uncaging of Alloc-Protected Amines.

Chemical (as opposed to light-induced) activation of caged molecules is a rapidly advancing approach to trigger biological processes. We previously introduced the ruthenium-catalyzed release of allyloxycarbonyl (alloc)-protected amines in human cells. A restriction of this and all other methods is the limited lifetime of the catalyst, thus hampering meaningful applications.

Erratum to: 36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine: Brussels, Belgium. 15-18 March 2016.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1208-6.].

Transition-metal-mediated uncaging in living human cells—an emerging alternative to photolabile protecting groups.

Photolabile protecting groups have been widely used for activation strategies of caged substrates within living cells. However, an alternative uncaging method in which, instead of light, chemical compounds are used as activators (chemical uncaging) is still in its infancy. The recent advances in bioorthogonal reactions mediated by transition metals have shown that bioorthogonal catalysts have the potential to yield such a chemical activator.

Progress towards bioorthogonal catalysis with organometallic compounds.

The catalysis of bioorthogonal transformations inside living organisms is a formidable challenge--yet bears great potential for future applications in chemical biology and medicinal chemistry. We herein disclose highly active organometallic ruthenium complexes for bioorthogonal catalysis under biologically relevant conditions and inside living cells. The catalysts uncage allyl carbamate protected amines with unprecedented high turnover numbers of up to 270 cycles in the presence of water, air, and millimolar concentrations of thiols.

Rhenium complexes with visible-light-induced anticancer activity.

Shedding light on the matter: Rhenium(I) indolato complexes with highly potent visible-light-triggered antiproliferative activity (complex 1: EC50 light=0.1 μM vs EC50 dark=100 μM) in 2D- and 3D-organized cancer cells are reported and can be traced back to an efficient generation of singlet oxygen, causing rapid morphological changes and an induction of apoptosis.

3,3'-Dihydroxyisorenieratene and isorenieratene prevent UV-induced DNA damage in human skin fibroblasts.

Skin cancer is among the most frequent neoplastic malignancies and exposure to UV irradiation is a major risk factor. In addition to topical sunscreens, photoprotection by dietary antioxidants such as carotenoids or polyphenols has been suggested as a means of prevention. Isorenieratene (IR) and dihydroxyisorenieratene (DHIR) are aromatic carotenoids with particular antioxidant properties produced by Brevibacterium linens.

Detection of relevant colonic neoplasms with PET/CT: promising accuracy with minimal CT dose and a standardised PET cut-off.

Objective: To determine the performance of FDG-PET/CT in the detection of relevant colorectal neoplasms (adenomas > or =10 mm, with high-grade dysplasia, cancer) in relation to CT dose and contrast administration and to find a PET cut-off.

Methods: 84 patients, who underwent PET/CT and colonoscopy (n = 79)/sigmoidoscopy (n = 5) for (79 x 6 + 5 x 2) = 484 colonic segments, were included in a retrospective study. The accuracy of low-dose PET/CT in detecting mass-positive segments was evaluated by ROC analysis by two blinded independent reviewers relative to contrast-enhanced PET/CT.

Positron emission tomography for staging of pediatric sarcoma patients: results of a prospective multicenter trial.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of positron emission tomography (PET) using fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) for initial staging and therapy planning in pediatric sarcoma patients.

Patients And Methods: In this prospective multicenter study, 46 pediatric patients (females, n = 22; males, n = 24; age range, 1 to 18 years) with histologically proven sarcoma (Ewing sarcoma family tumors, n = 23; osteosarcoma, n = 11; rhabdomyosarcoma, n = 12) were examined with conventional imaging modalities (CIMs), including ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging, and bone scintigraphy according to the standardized algorithms of the international therapy optimization trials, and whole-body FDG-PET. A lesion- and patient-based analysis of PET alone and CIMs alone and a side-by-side (SBS) analysis of FDG-PET and CIMs were performed.

[Time course of amino acid absorption in growing rats after feeding of a 15N-labeled wheat/yeast ration].

The time course of AA digestion, AA balance (sV AS), and AA absorption (wV AS) was estimated on growing rats (Wistar rats, LW = 124 g) in different sections of the intestinal tract using the combination of 15N tracer and TiO2 marker techniques. The animals received once a diet of 15N labelled wheat and yeast as protein sources supplemented by TiO2 as a marker. Up to 6 h after feeding the amino acid composition the 15N excess and the TiO2 content in the digesta of stomach, small and large intestine were determinated in the relation of amino acids resp.

[Determination of bacterial N portions in feces and differently collected ileum chymus from swine].

In faeces and ileal digesta samples of 31 intact (INT) as well as 73 surgically differently prepared pigs bacterial fractionations and 2.6-diaminopimelic acid (DAP) estimations were carried out in order to calculate the bacterial N proportion in faeces N and digesta N after feeding various diets. Because of a high individual variability and the analytical variation width of the DAP/N-ratios no distinct influences of the fed diets could be found.

[Determination of 2,6-diaminopimelic acid in swine feces and chymus].

A method is described for estimation of 2.6-diaminopimelic acid (DAP) using an automated amino acid analyzer and MOORE and STEIN ninhydrin reagent. Investigations were made concerning the influence of sample treatment on DAP content of faeces and ileal digesta of pigs and isolated bacteria.

Signal transduction by membrane receptors in viable electropermeabilized cells: isoproterenol-stimulated cyclic AMP synthesis in C6 glioma cells.

The activity of beta-adrenergic receptors at the plasma membrane level was investigated in viable, electropermeabilized C6 glioma cells. Electric field pulses were applied directly to the plated cells without any previous proteinase treatment. The affinity for isoproterenol and the density of the beta-adrenergic receptors, as judged from the number of [3H]CGP-12177 binding sites, were not affected by the electropermeabilization whereas the isoproterenol-stimulated cAMP accumulation was transiently impaired.

A quenched-flow study of a receptor-triggered second messenger response: cyclic AMP burst elicited by isoproterenol in C6 glioma cell membranes.

Fast kinetic studies of cAMP accumulation in C6 cell membranes show a burst of cAMP after beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation by isoproterenol. This burst is no longer observed when the ATP present in membrane preparations is hydrolyzed, but can be restored by their preincubation in the presence of ATP-Mg. The size of the burst is much larger than the number of beta-adrenergic receptors and is of the same order of magnitude as the value reported for G proteins.

[Effect of thermal treatment of potato products on nutrient decomposition in the digestive tract of swine. 2. Nutrient content and bacterial activity in various parts of the intestine].

Dry matter (DM), starch, crude protein (CP), amino acids (AA) and diaminopimelic acid (DAPA) were estimated in the contents of the digestive tract of slaughtered pigs, which were fed a basal diet with raw (rKSt) or with cooked (QuSt) potato starch. When fed rKSt, there was larger quantities of starch and DAPA in the content of the distal small intestine and also of DM, CP, AA and DAPA in the contents of caecum and proximal colon, compared to QuSt. The bacterial breakdown of the raw potato starch granules in the proximal large intestine is shown by microscopic examinations.

Radioimmunoassay of cyclic AMP can provide a highly sensitive assay for adenylate cyclase, even at very high ATP concentrations.

Modifications of the cyclic AMP radioimmunoassay of Cailla et al. [in Hormones and Cell Regulation (J. Dumont and J.

Deletion analysis of a bacteriophage T4 late promoter.

We have conducted a BAL 31 unidirectional deletion analysis to determine whether the conserved consensus sequence found upstream of all sequenced phage T4 late genes represents the late T4 promoter or is only part of the promoter. The results confirm those of Elliott and Geiduschek [Cell 36 (1984) 211-219] that no sequences upstream from the consensus sequence are necessary for late transcription activity. In addition, they provide evidence that sequences downstream from the consensus sequence are important.

[Absorption and utilization of amino acids infused into the cecum of growing swine. 3. Studies with 15N- and 14C-labeled isoleucine].

In 3 experiments growing female pigs, (live weight 35-56 kg) received continuous infusions of 15N-labelled or 15N- and 14C-doubly labelled isoleucine by means of caecal cannulae. The whereabouts of the infused isoleucine were investigated. Between 8.

[Methodological studies of protein metabolism and the bioenergetics of protein retention in growing animals. 2. The results of amino acid analysis after the long-term labelling of chicks with 15NH4-acetate].

The amino acid composition of the proteins in selected body fractions of chickens and the 15N-excess of amino acids isolated from them resulting from a feeding experiment with long-term labelling with 15NH4-acetate supplied orally are given. The amino acid spectra of feathers, breast and leg muscles are characterised by differences in the content of individual amino acids specific for the organs, the composition of the proteins, however, is independent of the protein content of the ration and the age of the animals. The sarcoplasmatic and myofibrillar proteins also have typical amino acid patterns, which--with the exception of the histidine content--are neither influenced by the extraction of the proteins from the breast or leg muscles nor by the energy level of the feeding or the age of the animals.