Nuclear dualism without extensive DNA elimination in the ciliate .

Most eukaryotes have one nucleus and nuclear genome per cell. Ciliates have instead evolved distinct nuclei that coexist in each cell: a silent germline vs. transcriptionally active somatic nuclei.

Genetic studies of human-chimpanzee divergence using stem cell fusions.

Complete genome sequencing has identified millions of DNA changes that differ between humans and chimpanzees. Although a subset of these changes likely underlies important phenotypic differences between humans and chimpanzees, it is currently difficult to distinguish causal from incidental changes and to map specific phenotypes to particular genome locations. To facilitate further genetic study of human-chimpanzee divergence, we have generated human and chimpanzee autotetraploids and allotetraploids by fusing induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of each species.