Assessing Falling Number Stability Increases the Genomic Prediction Ability of Pre-Harvest Sprouting Resistance in Common Winter Wheat.

Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) resistance is a complex trait, and many genes influencing the germination process of winter wheat have already been described. In the light of interannual climate variation, breeding for PHS resistance will remain mandatory for wheat breeders. Several tests and traits are used to assess PHS resistance, i.

Genetic mapping of the powdery mildew resistance gene Pm7 on oat chromosome 5D.

Three independent experiments with different genetic backgrounds mapped the resistance gene Pm7 in the oat genome to the distal part of the long arm of chromosome 5D. Resistance of oat to Blumeria graminis DC. f.

Genetic Basis of Resistance to Yellow Rust Race at the Seedling Stage in Current Central and Northern European Winter Wheat Germplasm.

To evaluate genetic variability and seedling plant response to a dominating race of yellow rust in Northern and Central European germplasm, we used a population of 229 winter wheat cultivars and breeding lines for a genome-wide association study (GWAS). A wide variation in yellow rust disease severity (based on infection types 1-9) was observed in this panel. Four breeding lines, TS049 (from Austria), TS111, TS185, and TS229 (from Germany), and one cultivar, TS158 (KWS Talent), from Germany were found to be resistant to and .

Genome-wide association study and genomic prediction of resistance to stripe rust in current Central and Northern European winter wheat germplasm.

We found two loci on chromosomes 2BS and 6AL that significantly contribute to stripe rust resistance in current European winter wheat germplasm. Stripe or yellow rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia striiformis Westend f. sp.

Genetics of the Inverse Relationship between Grain Yield and Grain Protein Content in Common Wheat.

Grain protein content (GPC) is one of the most important criteria to determine the quality of common wheat (). One of the major obstacles for bread wheat production is the negative correlation between GPC and grain yield (GY). Previous studies demonstrated that the deviation from this inverse relationship is highly heritable.

Identification of eight QTL controlling multiple yield components in a German multi-parental wheat population, including Rht24, WAPO-A1, WAPO-B1 and genetic loci on chromosomes 5A and 6A.

Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of 15 yield component traits in a German multi-founder population identified eight QTL each controlling ≥2 phenotypes, including the genetic loci Rht24, WAPO-A1 and WAPO-B1. Grain yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a polygenic trait representing the culmination of many developmental processes and their interactions with the environment.

Identification of , a Gene Contributing to the Genetic Complexity of Fertility Restoration in Hybrid Wheat.

Wheat ( L.) is a self-pollinating crop whose hybrids offer the potential to provide a major boost in yield. Male sterility induced by the cytoplasm of is a powerful method for hybrid seed production.

QTL mapping of adult plant and seedling resistance to leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks.) in a multiparent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) wheat population.

The Bavarian MAGIC Wheat population, comprising 394 F6:8 recombinant inbred lines was phenotyped for Puccinia triticina resistance in multi-years' field trials at three locations and in a controlled environment seedling test. Simple intervall mapping revealed 19 QTL, corresponding to 11 distinct chromosomal regions. The biotrophic rust fungus Puccinia triticina is one of the most important wheat pathogens with the potential to cause yield losses up to 70%.

Identification and cross-validation of genetic loci conferring resistance to Septoria nodorum blotch using a German multi-founder winter wheat population.

We identified allelic variation at two major loci, QSnb.nmbu-2A.1 and QSnb.

Genetic analysis of Aegilops tauschii-derived seedling resistance to leaf rust in synthetic hexaploid wheat.

Seedling resistance to leaf rust available in the synthetic hexaploid wheat line Syn137 was characterised by means of cytogenetic and linkage mapping. Monosomic analysis located a single dominant gene for leaf rust resistance on chromosome 5D. Molecular mapping not only confirmed this location but also positioned the gene to the distal part of the long arm of chromosome 5D.

Dynamic QTL for adult plant resistance to powdery mildew in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Agriculture will benefit from a rigorous characterization of genes for adult plant resistance (APR) since this gene class was recognized to provide more durable protection from plant diseases. The present study reports the identification of APR loci to powdery mildew in German winter wheat cultivars Cortez and Atlantis. Cortez was previously shown to carry all-stage resistance gene Pm3e.

Genetic Dissection of Resistance to the Three Fungal Plant Pathogens , , and Using a Multiparental Winter Wheat Population.

Bread wheat ( L.) is one of the world's most important crop species. The development of new varieties resistant to multiple pathogens is an ongoing task in wheat breeding, especially in times of increasing demand for sustainable agricultural practices.

Usefulness of a Multiparent Advanced Generation Intercross Population With a Greatly Reduced Mating Design for Genetic Studies in Winter Wheat.

Multiparent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) populations were recently developed to allow the high-resolution mapping of quantitative traits. We present a genetic linkage map of an elite but highly diverse eight-founder MAGIC population in common wheat ( L.).

QTL analysis of falling number and seed longevity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) and seed longevity (SL) are complex biological processes of major importance for agricultural production. In the present study, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between the German winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars History and Rubens was used to identify genetic factors controlling these two physiological seed traits.

Exploring the genetics of fertility restoration controlled by Rf1 in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using high-density linkage maps.

Hybrid wheat breeding has the potential to significantly increase wheat productivity compared to line breeding. The induction of male sterility by the cytoplasm of Triticum timopheevii Zhuk. is a widely discussed approach to ensure cross-pollination between parental inbred lines in hybrid wheat seed production.

Considering causal genes in the genetic dissection of kernel traits in common wheat.

Genetic factors controlling thousand-kernel weight (TKW) were characterized for their association with other seed traits, including kernel width, kernel length, ratio of kernel width to kernel length (KW/KL), kernel area, and spike number per m (SN). For this purpose, a genetic map was established utilizing a doubled haploid population derived from a cross between German winter wheat cultivars Pamier and Format. Association studies in a diversity panel of elite cultivars supplemented genetic analysis of kernel traits.

Genome-wide association mapping of preharvest sprouting resistance in a diversity panel of European winter wheats.

Global wheat production will benefit from cultivars showing genetic resistance to preharvest sprouting (PHS). Working on PHS resistance is still challenging due to the lack of simple protocols for the provocation of symptoms for appropriate trait differentiation under highly variable environmental conditions. Therefore, the availability of molecular markers for enhancing PHS resistance in breeding lines is of utmost importance.

The genetics of resistance to powdery mildew in cultivated oats (Avena sativa L.): current status of major genes.

The genetics of resistance to powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. avenae of four cultivated oats was studied using monosomic analysis.

Pm50: a new powdery mildew resistance gene in common wheat derived from cultivated emmer.

Fungal diseases of wheat, including powdery mildew, cause significant crop, yield and quality losses throughout the world. Knowledge of the genetic basis of powdery mildew resistance will greatly support future efforts to develop and cultivate resistant cultivars. Studies were conducted on cultivated emmer-derived wheat line K2 to identify genes involved in powdery mildew resistance at the seedling and adult plant growth stages using a BC(1) doubled haploid population derived from a cross between K2 and susceptible cultivar Audace.

Molecular mapping of powdery mildew resistance gene Eg-3 in cultivated oat (Avena sativa L. cv. Rollo).

Powdery mildew is a prevalent fungal disease affecting oat (Avena sativa L.) production in Europe. Common oat cultivar Rollo was previously shown to carry the powdery mildew resistance gene Eg-3 in common with cultivar Mostyn.

Development and evaluation of single-nucleotide polymorphism markers in allotetraploid rapeseed (Brassica napus L.).

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertion-deletions (INDELs) are currently the important classes of genetic markers for major crop species. In this study, methods for developing SNP markers in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and their in silico mapping and use for genotyping are demonstrated.

Inheritance of resistance to Fusarium head blight in three European winter wheat populations.

Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance is of particular importance in wheat breeding programmes due to the detrimental effects of this fungal disease on human and animal health, yield and grain quality. Segregation for FHB resistance in three European winter wheat populations enabled the identification of resistance loci in well-adapted germplasm. Populations obtained from crosses of resistant cultivars Apache, History and Romanus with susceptible semi-dwarfs Biscay, Rubens and Pirat, respectively, were mapped and analysed to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for FHB severity, ear emergence time and plant height.

Variation in DNA methylation patterns of grapevine somaclones (Vitis vinifera L.).

Background: In traditional vine areas, the production should present a typicity that partly depends on the grapevine variety. Therefore, vine improvement is considered difficult because of the limited choice in the natural variability of the cultivars within the limits of their characteristics. A possibility to circumvent this problem is the use of somatic variability.

Phytophthora infestans-triggered response of growth- and defense-related genes in potato cultivars with different levels of resistance under the influence of nitrogen availability.

The effects of high and low N concentrations on the Solanum tuberosum-Phytophthora infestans interaction were studied in the potato cultivars Bettina, New York 121, Indira and Arkula, which exhibited different levels of resistance. Aboveground biomass and Chl and N content were significantly higher in all cultivars grown in higher N environments, while C:N ratios were lower, confirming successful application of N. High availability of N significantly increased susceptibility of three of the four potato cultivars, and amounts of pathogen within the infected leaflets determined in a quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction reflected this.